海拔和坡向对色季拉山高山杜鹃凋落物分解的影响

为探究高寒森林凋落物在不同海拔和坡向的分解动态,以西藏色季拉山的高山杜鹃（Rhododendron simsii）凋落物为研究对象,在色季拉山设置3 500、3 700、3 900、4 100 m等4个梯度海拔以及西北坡（阴坡）和东南坡（阳坡）2个坡向,开展为期2年的凋落物掩埋试验,采用Olson模型明晰凋落物的降解规律,并结合木质纤维素的质量损失和土壤理化性质探究影响凋落物分解的因素。结果表明：不同海拔和坡向凋落物质量残留率均随分解时间增加而下降,分解2年后不同海拔的质量残留率为36.65%～75.99%;凋落物分解速度基本呈阴坡大于阳坡的趋势,其中海拔3 700 m阳坡处分解速度最快、半衰期和周转期最短;木质纤维素的质量损失也基本呈阴坡大于阳坡的趋势,且木质素分解程度最大,对凋落物质量损失的贡献超过50%;土壤中碳氮磷钾营养元素含量主要受坡向和凋落物分解时间的影响,在不同海拔间差异较小;海拔、坡向、分解时间及其交互作用均对凋落物分解有显著影响（P<0.01）,土壤含水率和碳氮比也是影响凋落物分解的重要因素。本研究可为高寒森林凋落物分解规律及影响因素提供理论依据。     

洮藏黑山羊特性研究

本文以洮藏黑山羊为研究对象,通过查阅史料及现场资源调查、试验分析,系统研究了洮藏黑山羊的数量变化、原绒产量、营养成分等特性研究。为洮藏黑山羊的利用和保护,提供了理论依据及生产指导作用。     

355份粳稻种质资源在新疆的遗传多样性分析及综合评价

为筛选出适合新疆种植的综合性状较优的水稻种质资源,对国、内外355份水稻资源的17个质量性状和20个数量性状进行综合评价。结果表明：在质量性状指标中穗抽出度、二次枝梗、穗立形态、叶片茸毛和分蘖力上表现出丰富的变异类型;数量性状变异范围为3.906%～57.519%,遗传多样性指数为1.713～2.067。通过对数量性状进行聚类分析将355份水稻种质资源划分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ属于极端粒型的特异性种质,共97份;类群Ⅱ属于潜在增产种质,共81份;类群Ⅲ属于晚熟极端种质,共94份;类群Ⅳ属于优质高产种质,共83份。20个数量性状利用主成分分析提取5个综合因子,累计贡献率为74.989%,各成分的贡献率分别为17.472%(PC1)、17.071%(PC2)、15.738%(PC3)、15.237%(PC4)和9.429%(PC5);水稻种质资源的综合得分范围为0.416 8～1.240 8,综合得分前10名的种质资源依次为‘21Y137’‘21Y271’‘21Y162’‘21Y280’‘21Y276’‘21Y87’‘21Y132’‘21Y254’‘21Y294’‘21Y318’,均属于类群Ⅳ...     

蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱流场优化设计及仿真

农产品的烫漂与干燥是农产品加工的关键技术。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱是集烫漂与干燥一体的新型农产品绿色保质低碳智能干燥技术装备。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱内部流场均匀性直接影响着农产品烫漂与干燥效果。为提高其内部速度均匀性与温湿度均匀性,同时减少冷凝现象发生,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法建立蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱模型,对其送风方式和送风口数量进行研究。结果表明：侧送侧回的送风方式在速度场以及温湿度场的均匀性总体优于上送下回,能量利用系数提高约18%,箱内壁面冷凝面积小于上送下回。仿真研究表明,当送风口数量为4个时,箱内的温度场和相对湿度场均匀性更好,能量利用系数最高。试验表明,蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱的试验值和仿真值最大温度偏差为2.3℃,相对湿度误差不超过1.3%,误差在合理范围内,仿真结果可靠,研究结果可为农产品低碳智能干燥新技术的研究提供参考。     

Protective effect of rAAV2-NTF2 on blood-retinal barrier damage in diabetic rats

AIM: To explore the effect of rAAV2-NTF2 on the blood-retinal barrier damage in early stage diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Retinal vasculature was observed by Evans blue. NTF2 gene was cloned into adeno-associated virus vector pSNAV. The recombinant pSNAV-NTF2 was transfected into BHK cells. After purification, high-titer rAAV2-NTF2. rAAV2-NTF2 at dose of 4 μL (titer 1.0×1012) were injected into left eyes and rAAV2-EGFP at the same does and titer were injected into the right eyes of 36 rats. After 1 month, diabetes mellitus were induced by STZ. One month after onset of diabetes, EB at a dose of 45 mg/kg was intravenously injected into the rats. Two hours later, both eyes were enucleated immediately after perfusion of 1% PFA-citric acid buffer solution. The retinas were then dissected away and placed in formamide to extract the dye. The concentration of dye was measured by spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Evans blue was contained in normal retinal vessels without leakage, with a very low level of background fluorescence. The vessels staining of diabetic rats’ retina showed increasing fluorescence, indicating the retina-blood barrier damage. Dye concentration, representing the degree of the BRB injury, was higher in retina of 1 month diabetic rats than that in normal rats (4.67 times, P<0.01), indicating retina-blood barrier break-down. Diabetic rats with rAAV2-NTF2 intravitreal injection showed decreased BRB breakdown (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High expression of NTF-2 decreases the BRB dysfunction in DM rats.     

红金银花组织培养试验研究

以红金银花的顶芽为外植体,采用正交试验设计,对红金银花顶芽的初代培养、继代培养、生根培养进行了研究.结果表明:初代培养的最适培养基为:MS+6-BA(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.1～0.2 mg/L),最适蔗糖浓度为20.0 g/L;继代培养的最适培养基为MS+6-BA(1.5 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)+GA3(0.5 mg/L);生根培养以1/2MS+6-BA 0.25 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L,即可得到理想的生根苗.     

不同世代玉米自交系产量配合力研究

将5个不同世代38个姊妹系和4个测验种,按NCⅡ设计组配152个杂交组合,对群体选系各世代产量配合力和遗传变异规律进行研究。结果表明:随着世代的增加,姊妹系配合力呈先增加后下降的趋势,即随着自交选择的进行产量配合力逐渐升高,S4代达到最高值,S5代开始下降。S2～S4代是产量配合力严重分离的世代,S3、S4代姊妹系间产量配合力变异大,范围宽,分离重组出高配合力选系的比率高于其它世代,是配合力测定的最佳时期。     

Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics

Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.     

农业面源污染及其控制技术研究

水环境面源污染的严重性已受到国内外普遍关注，面源污染业已成为国际上水环境问题研究的活跃领域。从农业面源污染的发生机理和农业面源污染的特点出发，通过分析农业面源污染与水体环境之间的关系，探讨了农业面源污染对水环境的影响。对于面源污染的控制，最佳管理措施（BMPs）现已得到广泛应用。其中，人工湿地、前置库、缓冲带、水陆交错带、水土保持和农业生态工程等是目前研究和应用较多的农业面源污染控制技术。     

子午岭植被恢复过程中土壤团聚体有机碳含量的变化

土壤有机碳是土壤团聚体形成的重要胶结剂之一，土壤团聚体分布影响有机碳含量及其稳定性。对子午岭植被恢复过程中团聚体有机碳含量变化的研究结果显示：相对于农田，植被恢复可增加土壤各个粒径团聚体有机碳含量．同时增加不同层次土壤团聚体有机碳含量。就粒径而言，虽然各个植被下〈0．25mm土壤团聚体有机碳含量最低，植被类型变化对土壤团聚体有机碳含量影响最大的是〈0．25mm粒径，辽东栎林地〈0．25mm土壤团聚体有机碳含量是农田〈0．25mm团聚体有机碳含量的3倍；其次，植被类型对〉5mm团聚体有机碳含量影响较大，辽东栎、早期森林、灌丛、草地和弃耕地土壤〉5mm团聚体有机碳含量比农田土壤〉5ram团聚体有机碳含量高149％，209％，104％，62％，10％。说明植被演替可增加土壤团聚体有机碳含量，但首先是增加较大粒径团聚体的有机碳含量；随着植被的进一步演替，小粒径团聚体有机碳含量也相应的增加，这部分有机碳是稳定的，说明植被恢复增强了土壤的碳汇功能。