互联网对陕西省农业发展的影响

在文献分析基础上，选取互联网普及率、万人网站数和万人域名数作为解释变量，人均第一产业增加值作为被解释变量进行回归分析。结果显示:普及率对农业发展的影响显著，且具有明显的滞后效应。      

Information extraction and dynamic evaluation of soil salinization with a remote sensing method in a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Monitoring the dynamics of soil salinization is of great importance for agricultural production. This study selected Yucheng County, a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) of China, as the study area and evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinization. Three methods, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) transformation, tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and optimal band combination (OBC), were used to extract information from an early Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) image from 1984, and their advantages were compared. In addition, OBC was used on a thematic mapper (TM) image from 2009. An iteratively self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used together with prior knowledge of likely classifications to interpret the MSS and TM images for data classification. Finally, a transfer matrix method was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil salinization and analyze the driving factors of soil salinization. Compared to PCA transformation and OBC, TC transformation was a more effective method for extracting soil salinization information from the MSS sensor. The results indicate that a soil area of approximately 298 km² was affected by salinity in 1984 in Yucheng County, of which 5.40%, 11.96%, and 12.75% were classified as being subject to slight, moderate, and severe salinization, respectively. In 2009, the saline area was reduced to only 146 km², of which 10.70% and 3.75% were characterized by slight to moderate salinization and no severe salinization, respectively. The saline land decreased at an average rate of 6 km² per year. This decrease was probably a result of lower groundwater depth, increased organic fertilizer or crop straw in soil, changed land use type, and increased vegetation coverage.     

农户化肥减量替代采纳意愿与行为差异性分析

基于社会认知理论与农户行为理论构建分析框架,结合河南省滑县农户的调研数据,运用Logistic模型对农户化肥减量替代采纳意愿和行为差异性及其原因进行分析.结果 表明:1)农户禀赋、农户认知和外部环境对农户化肥减量替代采纳意愿与行为的影响效应呈现出"总体一致,局部差异"特征.2)肥料质量无保证、产量无保障等风险预测特征严重阻碍农户化肥减量替代采纳意愿向行为转化,是导致其采纳意愿与行为相悖离的关键因素.基于此,加强农技部门的宣传与培训,引导农户深刻认知生态效益、经济效益及社会效益协同发展的重要性,正确认识化肥减量替代价值;慎重评估采纳化肥减量行为带来的风险,防止出现肥料质量参差不齐、见效周期长等问题.     

城镇化发展中的小城镇特色建设问题研究

集中发展小城镇是我国城镇化发展的一个重要选择。当前我国小城镇特色建设面临着特色挖掘不突出、特色彰显能力弱、基础设施公共服务功能弱、创新精神不足以及缺乏活力等问题。小城镇特色建设必须坚持以适合人民生活为宗旨，以大中城市周边合理布局为基础并注重乡土重建，充分发挥原住民在小城镇特色挖掘上的主体作用，注重通过创新精神去激活发展动力，在保护和开发并重的前提下发挥政府搭建平台、城镇居民共同参与、开发资本“走进来”的三方协同作用来加强小城镇特色建设。     

基于S基因序列分析新型猪流行性腹泻病毒的遗传演化

最近，笔者实验室在青藏高原地区发现两种新亚型藏猪源猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV），为进一步调查新型PEDV是否在四川腹泻猪群中存在或流行，对实验室2018-2019年保存的116份猪腹泻粪便或肠组织样本进行PEDV的检测及其纤突蛋白基因（spike）分子特征研究。结果表明：腹泻样本的PEDV检出率为42.2%（49/116，95% CI=33.1%~51.8%），并获得了13条完整的S基因序列，全长为4 149~4 170 bp，序列相似性为94.2%~99.9%，其中SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019的S基因与藏猪源新G1亚群PEDV的序列相似性高达97.0%~98.6%。遗传演化研究结果表明13株PEDV S基因划分为G1和G2大群，其中SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019位于藏猪源新G1亚群；SWUN-19-CH-SCZY-2018、SWUN-4-CH-SCXC-2018、SWUN-1-CH-SCNJ-2019和SWUN-3CH-CH-SCZG-2019位于G2亚群中一个独立的分支，且与藏猪源新G2亚群毒株有着较近的亲缘关系。为了进一步研究13株PEDV的演化过程，以贝叶斯进化分析软件包（BEAST）进行分歧时间估算，结果表明SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019的分歧时间约为2012.3年，早于藏猪源新G1亚群其余毒株的最早分歧时间（2015.7年）；SWUN-4-CH-SCXC-2018、SWUN-19-CH-SCZY-2018和SWUN-3CH-CH-SCZG-2019的分歧时间约为2014.2年，早于G2亚群的藏猪源毒株2014.7年，所有藏猪源PEDV的分歧时间均晚于四川毒株。本研究在四川地区首次发现了藏猪源PEDV，并且从毒株的分歧时间推断青藏高原的藏猪源PEDV来源于四川，为新型PEDV分子遗传进化的监测提供了依据。     

碱性电解水浸泡处理除农残特性研究

人与自然和谐相处,生态和经济可持续发展,是21世纪的主题。崇尚自然,维护环境,是现代绿色消费的潮流。随着电解水在农业领域的应用,电解水农业理念的提出,电解水肥系列产品的推出,在促进种子萌发与植物的光合作用,农作物的杀菌、驱虫,农副产品的防霉保鲜,以及提高农产品品质,对土壤酸、碱度的中和改良等作用明显,真正做到了“用自然的力量,创造健康的生活”,为中国绿色农业的发展开辟了新路径。     

Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China

Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha~(-1), with a coefficient of variation(CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China(NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha~(-1), whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC), Northeast China(NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha~(-1). The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha~(-1) for N, P_2O_5, and K_2O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑日本结缕草ZjSGR基因技术研究

日本结缕草(Zoysia japonica)是一种常见的具有众多优良性状的暖季型草种,秋冬季节在我国北方地区会较早出现叶片脱绿现象,在一定程度上限制了日本结缕草在北方的大面积使用。ZjSGR是从结缕草中分离出来的一种衰老诱导基因,负调控叶片滞绿性状。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统,通过基因枪介导的遗传转化方法实现对日本结缕草ZjSGR基因的编辑,经测序验证获得1株单碱基缺失突变植株。突变植株叶片深绿,在正常生长温度(28~30℃)条件下,和对照相比,叶绿素含量更高(P<0.05)。本研究为进一步阐述ZjSGR基因在日本结缕草滞绿性状调控中的作用机理提供了基础研究材料,也为培育日本结缕草滞绿品种育种工作奠定了基础。     

AMPK激活剂在绵羊精液冷冻保存中的作用研究

旨在研究AMPK激活剂二甲双胍（metformin，Met）和阿卡地新（acadesine，AICAR）对绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响。本研究首先在冷冻基础稀释液中分别添加不同浓度（0、100、200、300、400、500 μmol·L^-1）的Met和AICAR，冷冻解冻后根据精子活力、运动性能和结构完整性指标筛选出最佳的添加浓度（400 μmol·L^-1 Met、200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR）；然后分别使用不同的冷冻稀释液（对照组：稀释液；Met组：含400 μmol·L^-1 Met的稀释液；AICAR组：含200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR的稀释液）冷冻精液，解冻后检测精子中AMPK蛋白表达、顶体酶活性、代谢指标、线粒体功能以及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明，稀释液中添加400 μmol·L^-1 Met和200 μmol·L^-1AICAR均可显著提高解冻后精子活力、运动性能及精子结构完整性（P<0.05），其中400 μmol·L^-1 Met组精子总活力达43.20%，顶体完整率为91%，质膜完整率为46%。与对照组相比，Met组和AICAR组解冻后精子中AMPK磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.05）；顶体酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）；丙酮酸水平显著下降（P<0.05），乳酸脱氢酶活性、乳酸以及ATP含量均显著升高（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，Met和AICAR组稀释液更有利于维持线粒体膜电位（P<0.05），提高ATP酶（P<0.05）以及抗氧化酶的活性（P<0.05）。添加适当浓度的AMPK激活剂可以提高绵羊精液冷冻保存的效果。