Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.     

6个桑树品种的耐盐性鉴定试验

种植耐盐性强的桑树品种是土壤盐渍化地区生态修复的技术途径之一.选择桂桑优12、桂桑优62、抗青283×抗青10、桂桑5号、桂桑6号、桑特优2号共6个桑树品种的实生苗供试,将供试桑苗种植于质量浓度分别为0 g/L(CK)、2 g/L、4 g/L、6 g/L的NaCl溶液中,在历时28 d的盐胁迫试验期,每隔7d测定和统计各处理组桑苗的枝高、叶片数量、最大叶长、最大叶宽、受害叶片数量和枯死植株数量等,初步评价供试桑品种实生苗对盐胁迫的耐受能力.结果表明:在不同浓度盐胁迫处理组桑苗生长均较好的桑树品种是桂桑优12和桑特优2号;桑苗受盐害指数和死亡率最低的桑树品种均是桂桑优12.试验结果提示,6个供试桑树品种中桂桑优12是耐盐性最强的品种.     

泌乳期中国荷斯坦牛转化孕酮浓度的影响因素分析及其表型预测

【目的】本研究基于试验测定的中国荷斯坦牛血液和乳汁中的孕酮浓度表型,探究了影响中国荷斯坦牛体内孕酮分泌的环境因素、孕酮浓度的变化趋势、孕酮浓度与乳成分的关联程度以及血乳中孕酮浓度的预测方法。【方法】试验于2021年8月在北京、山东两个牧场采集不同胎次、泌乳阶段和妊娠状态的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛的奶样、尾根血样,测定孕酮浓度,最终获得402条乳汁孕酮浓度和298条血液孕酮浓度表型用于数据分析。对孕酮浓度进行数据转化使其近似服从正态分布后,采用固定效应模型探究胎次、泌乳阶段、妊娠状态、牧场等固定效应对奶牛孕酮表型的影响,运用R语言cor函数计算孕酮与各乳成分间的关联,并利用偏最小二乘法和个体及乳成分信息对孕酮浓度进行预测,以建立孕酮浓度表型高通量获取手段。【结果】妊娠状态对转化乳汁孕酮浓度存在极显著影响（P<0.01）,胎次、场效应对转化乳汁孕酮浓度均有显著影响（P<0.05）,而转化血液孕酮浓度只受到妊娠状态影响（P<0.01）;全乳固体、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比与转化乳血孕酮浓度均存在显著或极显著的正相关关系（r=0.14~0.37,P<0.05;P<0.01）;基于本试验数据,乳成分与个体信息对转化乳血孕酮浓度的预测准确性不高（R²=0.030~0.17）,但如果增加血液或乳汁的转化孕酮浓度对乳汁或血液的转化孕酮浓度进行预测,预测效果则有大幅提升（R²=0.40）。【结论】影响泌乳期中国荷斯坦牛转化孕酮浓度的因素除妊娠状态外,可能还包括饲养条件与胎次。此外转化孕酮浓度与乳脂率、乳蛋白率等乳成分呈极显著相关。基于乳成分信息与转化孕酮的关系,获得了对中国荷斯坦牛乳血转化孕酮浓度预测的可用策略,为今后牧场的繁殖辅助管理、奶牛育种新性状研发以及孕酮浓度的高通量获取等提供了新思路。     

发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响

【目的】通过研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响,探究发酵脐橙粕用于番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。【方法】选取健康、体重为(267.33±9.50)g的180只16日龄番鸭,随机分成2组(每组公母各半),每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕的基础饲粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d。试验结束后,采集番鸭十二指肠组织样品和盲肠内容物。通过HE染色法和免疫组化法检测十二指肠肠道形态学指标和肠黏膜免疫功能指标;采用高通量测序技术对盲肠内容物的微生物16S rDNA进行测序,分析盲肠微生物多样性变化情况。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕可极显著提高番鸭十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.01),显著提高绒毛表面积和上皮内淋巴细胞阳性率(P<0.05)。(2)显著物种差异分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮极显著抑制了番鸭盲肠脱铁杆菌门、厌氧菌科和无胆甾原体等有害菌丰度(P<0.01),极显著提高了黄杆菌属、螺杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等有益菌的丰度(P<0.0...     

饲粮中添加不同组合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1～21日龄肉仔鸡小肠黏膜结构及其养分表观利用率的影响

本文旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同组合的非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率及小肠黏膜形态结构的影响.选用1日龄AA肉鸡360羽,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮、低能对照组饲喂低能饲粮,4个酶制剂添加组饲喂低能饲粮+0.01%酶制剂(酶制剂1组:木聚糖酶,酶制剂2组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶,酶制剂3组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶,酶制剂4组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶+纤维素酶),饲养试验时间21 d.结果显示:1)酶制剂2组、酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组3种酶制剂添加组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率比低能对照组显著提高(P<0.05),其中酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率与正常对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).2)酶制剂3组、酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的蛋白质和能量表观利用率显著高于低能对照组(P<0.05),与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05).3)添加酶制剂后能使21日龄肉仔鸡小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛长度增加,隐窝深度降低,其中酶制剂4组对空肠黏膜形态结构有较好改善作用,酶制剂3组对回肠黏膜形态结构效果最好(P<0.05),各酶制剂组对十二指肠黏膜形态结构无显著影响(P>0.05).这表明酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组能提高能量表观利用率,改善低能饲粮下肉仔鸡的小肠黏膜形态结构,使肉仔鸡的生产性能提高到正常饲养水平.     

生物频谱对牛胚胎体外生产效率的影响

利用可调式周林生物频谱发生器对牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养过程实施辐射,以提高牛胚胎体外生产效率。频谱发生器与培养材料的距离为５ｃｍ,辐射强度根据辐射温度加以调节。结果表明,辐射温度控制在３９℃时,入孵卵母细胞的卵裂率（６３％）与对照组６１（％）无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而囊胚发育率（３９％）显著高于对照组（１９％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;当辐射温度达到４０℃时,试验组的卵裂率仅为１４％,囊     

五指山猪H—FABP基因不对称PCR—SSCP研究

以海南五指山猪为试验材料,采用不对称PCR-SSCP和测序相结合技术,对海南五指山猪心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因第3内含子(intron 3)进行多态检测,并分析其与生长性状(体重、体高、体长、胸围)的相关性.结果表明:在五指山猪H-FABP基因intron 3中发现了3种基因型,分别命名为AA、AB、BB,对其中的纯合子AA、BB进行测序,发现intron 3的第335位点处发生了突变,都是由碱基A→G的转换造成.AA、AB、BB三种基因型频率分别为63.5%,18.2%,18.2%,A、B等位基因频率分别为73%和27%.不同基因型个体各生长性状的方差分析表明,不同基因型之间的生产性状无显著差异.     

抗水牛伊氏锥虫变异表面糖蛋白抗原单克隆抗体的研制

用纯化的伊氏锥虫变异表面糖蛋白（variant surface glucoprotein, VSG）免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经过3次克隆和间接ELISA方法筛选,获得3D7、5B9 2株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,用间接ELISA方法检测杂交瘤细胞培养液上清效价和小鼠腹水效价,其中细胞培养上清效价分别为1∶6400和1∶12800,腹水效价分别为1∶105和1∶106。单抗的亚型鉴定结果表明,3D7、5B9分泌的抗体都为IgG1亚类κ链。     

肥料~(15)N对烟叶氮和烟碱含量的影响

利用15N示踪技术在黄壤烟区研究了烤烟不同部位烟叶氮和烟碱含量的变化及肥料氮在烟碱中的分配。结果表明,不施氮肥的情况下,烟株第10片以上烟叶烟碱含量达到3.54%;施氮量为97.5kghm-2时,10片以上烟叶烟碱含量达到4.13%以上。烟碱积累在整个生育期是呈不断增加的趋势,于移栽后7周内积累较少,烟碱积累主要集中在9～15周,到烟叶采收结束17周为122.55kghm-2。烟叶进入成熟期后,烟碱含量与各部位烟叶来自土壤氮素比例呈正相关,其中与上部烟叶相关系数达0.88。烟碱总氮中来自肥料氮于下部、中部和上部烟叶分别占28.31%,26.63%和25.45%;相应构成烟碱的氮素中,下、中、上部烟叶中有来自土壤氮分别为71.69%、73.37%和74.55%。追肥氮占施氮总量30%条件下,烟碱中氮来自追肥氮在下、中和上部烟叶分别占14.25%、15.30%和14.94%,追肥氮是烟叶烟碱总氮主要氮源。     

Effects of inactivated HIV-1 particles on human CD4+T cell activation and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in whole blood

AIM: To investigate the effects of AT-2-inactivated HIV-1 particles on human CD4+T cell activation and cytokine secretion in whole blood (WB) in vitro. METHODS: HIV-1ⅢB particles were inactivated by AT-2 chemical and the concentration of p24 antigen was determined by p24 ELISA. AT-2-inactivated HIV-1ⅢB particles were added to human WB culture system in serial concentrations to stimulate the cells. PHA was used as positive control. After 24 h, all the cultural supernatants were harvested and the concentrations of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines released to the supernatants were detected by cytometric bead array (CBA). The percentage of CD69 expression on CD4+T cells from WB was detected by immuno-fluorescence staining plus flow cytometry. RESULTS: The concentration of p24 antigen in the AT-2-inactivated specimen was 85.5 μg/L. 24 h later, the percentage of CD69 expression on CD4+T cells from control group was (1.62±0.63) %, whereas it was (38.82±6.00)%, (3.83±1.07)%, (5.94±0.85)% and (9.30±1.22)% in PHA group, HIV-1 (1/500) group, HIV-1 (1/50) group and HIV-1 (1/5) group, respectively. Cytokines secreted by WB in control group were mainly TNF-α and IL-6. However, all the six cytokines tested were strikingly increased in PHA group, as well as in HIV-1ⅢB groups. CONCLUSION: AT-2-inactivated HIV-1ⅢB particles activate CD4+T cells from WB, and up-regulate both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion in WB. Besides the effects of viral proteins, other mechanisms may be proposed that HIV-1 particles act as antigen presenting cell (APC) because many host-derived immune molecules are incorporated into HIV-1 envelop when it is released from infected cells by budding, and exert immune modulation.