The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

绵羊体内外受精胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存

用 EFS4 0溶液对绵羊体内外受精的早期囊胚进行了玻璃化冷冻保存的研究。经卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养获得的早期囊胚 ,分别作如下处理 :( A) 1 0 %EG中预处理 5min后 ,在 EFS4 0平衡 3 0 s(两步法 ) ;( B) EFS4 0中平衡 1 min(一步法 ) ;( C) EFS4 0中平衡 2 min(一步法 )。然后投入液氮中冷冻保存 ,解冻胚胎的继续发育率分别为 80 %、78%和 50 %,A、B2组的结果与对照组 ( 88%)无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)。经超数排卵获得的体内受精早期囊胚用两步法冷冻保存 ,解冻后胚胎发育继续率为 89%,与对照组( 93 %)也无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)     

贵州尾矿区野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其抗性测定

为了筛选获得对复合重金属具有耐受能力且能在本地豆科植物根系内定殖共生的抗性根瘤菌,本研究从贵州省内的锰矿区、铅锌矿区采集野生豆科牧草根瘤样品,经分离纯化、菌体形态观察、16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,获得71个根瘤菌保存菌株。系统发育和区系分析结果表明,分离菌株分属7属28种,其中根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的分布频率高达54.93%,为优势属,木兰根瘤菌(R.indigoferae)的分布频率最高(15.49%),为优势种。选择来自不同尾矿区、不同种类的根瘤菌17株,采用重金属平板法测定各供试菌株对贵州尾矿土分布较多的Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cr⁶⁺,Mn²⁺,Cd²⁺五种重金属的耐受性,结果发现17个菌株对3种或3种以上的重金属都具有不同程度的耐受能力,其中HMZT039-6,HSST042-6,HSST042-1,ZHQT052-1和HXTT050-1对5种重金属离子均有耐受能力,为筛选出的最优抗性根瘤菌株。本研究结果可为本地区土壤重金属污染的修复治理提供共生微生物资源。     

酶制剂在家禽生产中研究进展及应用

酶制剂是一种功能性饲料添加剂,在家禽养殖中应用可以促进营养物质的消化吸收,提高生产性能,减少环境污染.文章综述酶制剂在家禽养殖中的研究进展,提出酶制剂的未来发展趋势,为酶制剂在家禽生产中的应用提供参考.     

Development and Application of a GeXP-multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Seven Foodborne Pathogenic Bacterias

This experiment was developed to simultaneously detect the seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias include E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, V. cholera, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, V. Parahemolyticus and S. aureus. Seven pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conserved sequences of the genes from each pathogen available in the GenBank database. Single and mixed pathogen DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Control group was set up, recombinant plasmids were constructed, and samples of different DNA concentrations were randomly combined to verify the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and anti-interference of the established GeXP method. To certify the accuracy and reliability of the GeXP assay, it was evaluated using 120 clinical specimens that were compared with the single PCR. The obtained results showed that the corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified by the single and the multiplex GeXP PCR assay. The detection limit of GeXP was 10³ copies·μL^-1 when all of seven bacterial pathogens were detected. The results of the interference assay showed the presence of specific amplification peaks when different templates. The detection rate of the GeXP multiplex PCR method was 2.50% (3/120)-15.83% (19/120) while the conventional PCR was 2.50% (3/120)-15.00% (18/120), and GeXP multiple PCR detected 8 more positive cases, which means that, the GeXP was more sensitive and accurate in the detection of the clinical samples. In conclusion, this GeXP-based multiplex PCR is a high-throughput, specific and sensitive test to detect seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias. This assay provides a method in rapid molecular diagnosis for mix clinical seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias.     

珍珠鸡源IBDV的分离鉴定及其卵黄抗体的制备

从一群发病的珍珠鸡中分离到1株病毒,经鸡胚接种、琼脂扩散试验、PCR快速检测试验和病毒基因序列的测定,证实了所分离的病毒为IBDV。将该病毒制成灭活疫苗,接种开产的蛋鸡制备卵黄抗体。结果显示该卵黄抗体经免疫扩散试验测定抗体效价可达1∶256,符合无菌标准,对雏鸡也没有任何不良反应。临床试验表明:该卵黄抗体对该养殖场珍珠鸡的传染性法氏囊病的治疗有效率达91%、预防有效率达100%。     

氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体C1信号通路机制研究进展

自噬是机体维持自身稳态的一种重要生理活动,当体内氨基酸或葡萄糖等营养缺乏时,细胞会启动自噬。自噬受到多种信号通路的调节,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体C1(m TORC1)信号通路是其中重要的一条,它可以使自噬相关基因13(Atg13)磷酸化,抑制自噬起始。本文将围绕近年来报道的氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬的m TORC1信号通路,包括小G蛋白、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、微小RNA(miRNA)、氨基酰-tRNA合成酶在其中的作用等研究进展进行综述。     

猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积关系的研究

以40-90 kg 6个体重组的莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪共72头去势公猪为试验对象(每组6头),采用相对定量RT-PCR方法,以-βactin基因为内标,分析肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积的关系。结果表明:莱芜猪与鲁莱黑猪肌肉组织中LPL基因表达的发育性变化趋势基本相似,随体重的增长,莱芜猪50-70kg阶段LPLmRNA表达丰度逐渐下降(P<0.05),80 kg阶段迅速回升出现一个峰值后再次下降;鲁莱黑猪LPLmRNA表达丰度随体重的增加呈缓慢下降趋势,70 kg以后变化不大并维持较低水平,其前期(40-60 kg)与后期(70-90 kg)的表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。总体上莱芜猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达量略高于鲁莱黑猪(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌内脂肪相对含量与肌肉组织LPLmRNA表达的发育性变化分别呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)的正相关。研究结果提示:猪肌肉组织LPL是肌内脂肪沉积的重要参与者,其编码基因的表达具有明显的体重发育特征,并对肌内脂肪的沉积具有一定程度影响。     

山西亚群H5N1亚型HPAIV对鸭及鸭胚的继代感染研究

2006年从山西省分离获得的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)曾引起免疫鸡群的大量死亡,与我国之前分离的病毒抗原差异性较大,称为"山西鸡型"抗原变异株。本研究应用该亚群代表毒株CK/SX/2/06(H5N1),研究该病毒对SPF鸭和鸭胚的致病性,并通过病毒在鸭和鸭胚内的连续传代,探讨该亚群病毒在鸭和鸭胚中的进化规律。结果表明,病毒对3周龄鸭呈低致病性,在各脏器中的复制能力较弱;鸭感染病毒后无明显临床症状,排毒水平较低并且不能感染同居鸭。病毒在3周龄鸭和10日龄鸭胚中分别继代感染3代和5代后,对3周龄鸭仍呈低致病性且HA基因未发生氨基酸位点变化。病毒不能致死3周龄鸭和1日龄雏鸭,但能致死10日龄～23日龄鸭胚,而且对鸭胚的致病性随着鸭胚日龄的增长逐渐减弱,致死鸭胚时间从对10日龄鸭胚24h致死到对23日龄鸭胚72h致死直至对25日龄鸭胚只感染但不致死。病毒对鸭呈低致病性且在鸭群传播中保持着基因水平和致病性上的相对稳定,对不同日龄鸭胚、1日龄和3周龄鸭致病性的不同表现,与目前存在于我国的其他亚群H5N1HPAIV对鸭致病性和进化特点上呈现出明显的差异,并对家禽养殖业存在威胁。     

Study on Expression Difference of IGFBP-5 Gene in Different Tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi Horses

The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country.