山羊痘病毒AV41株在3种原代细胞上的培养特性比较

为了选择适合山羊痘病毒AV41株增殖的原代细胞,提高山羊痘病毒疫苗生产效率,分别采用常规方法制备绵羊睾丸细胞、绵羊肾细胞、犊牛睾丸细胞3种原代细胞,接种山羊痘病毒细胞弱毒AV41株进行传代培养,比较该病毒株在3种细胞上所引起的细胞病变时间、病变形态及其传代稳定性等增殖特性,并进行特异性、安全性、效力测定,试验结果显示,AV41株在3种原代细胞上均可增殖,其特异性、安全性均符合兽药典要求。疫苗株在以上3种细胞上的TCID50浓度分别达到10-6.125、10-5.5、10-5.875/mL,细胞病变形态、病变时间、最高传代次数等增殖特性存在一定差异。试验证明,原代绵羊肾细胞或原代犊牛睾丸细胞可以作为山羊痘病毒疫苗生产的候选细胞。     

Effect of gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures on egg‐shell quality of the Sinai Bedouin fowl,the commercial white leghorn and their crossbreds

1. The effect of gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures on egg‐shell quality was studied in the Sinai fowl, the commercial White Leghorn, and their reciprocal crossbreds.

2. The Leghorn egg was characterised by a thinner and weaker shell compared with the Sinai and the crossbreds, at all the experimental temperatures.

3. In contrast to other reports, high ambient temperatures for a long period had only mild effects on egg‐shell quality.

4. The results suggest that gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures might improve the efficiency of the physiological mechanisms involved in the hen's response to heat. Consequently, the reproductive process adapts to the hot environmental conditions.

5. The results indicate that the Sinai breed might be used for future selection of a breed, highly resistant to extreme environmental conditions and with an improved shell quality.     

Morphological relationship between intercalated duct and pancreatic islet in streptozotocin and/or camostat mesilate administrations in the chicken

Present electron microscopical and immunocytochemistrical studies elucidated some morphological relationship between intercalated duct (ICD) and pancreatic islet cells in the chicken in streptozotocin (STZ) and/or camostat mesilate (CM) administrations. Twenty-one chickens were set into four experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) STZ administration group, (3) CM administration group, and (4) STZ + CM administration group. Cytoplasms of ICD cells stained more strongly with eosin in STZ administration group than other groups, and electron-dense materials and intercalated processes between ICD and islet cells were also increasing in time dependence in STZ administration. Number of pancreatic islet in STZ + CM co-administration was about 3.1 times larger than other groups. Many small sized cells were detected at surrounding area of ICD and they incorporated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine better than other experimental groups. Present morphological data suggested that ICD cells might support some tolerances of pancreatic endocrine cells against toxic substances and also involve in regeneration of new pancreatic islet cells in STZ + CM co-administration.     

Breeder age affects small intestine development of broiler chicks with immediate or delayed access to feed

1. The relationship between breeder age and chick gastrointestinal tract development to 21 days of age, as influenced by immediate or delayed access to feed, was examined in three consecutive trials.

2. Ross 708 chicks, derived from breeder flocks at 31 (young), 40 (middle) and 63 (old) weeks of age were placed randomly into either a control group with immediate access to feed and water, or a 48?h feed delayed (FD) group with free access to water.

3. FD negatively affected body weight (BW) of chicks derived from young and old flocks through the first and second weeks of age, respectively. Chicks from the older flock absorbed more yolk in the first 48?h with no FD effect. When feed was made available, chicks from the FD group showed a large increase in small intestine weight relative to BW, surpassing (P? 4. Morphological measurements in all intestinal sections had higher values in chicks derived from the middle age breeder flock. FD to newly hatched chicks from the young breeder flock shortened villi (P?P? 5. Crypt depths were maximised between 7 and 14?d post-hatch in chicks from young and old breeder flocks, but crypt depths in chicks from the middle aged flocks continued to deepen.

6. The increased crypt depth may augment the number of enterocytes available for villus growth, and facilitate longer villi and greater villus surface area, in chicks from the middle age flocks. Intestinal morphological variation was associated with breeder flock age, which accounted for differential growth in chicks derived from young, middle, and old aged breeder flocks.     

禽流感病毒H9N2亚型三重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立简便快速检测禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)并同时区分出H9、N2亚型的方法,本试验根据基因库中H9亚型AIV的HA基因、N2亚型AIV的NA基因及AIV的M基因序列,分别设计了3对针对这3种基因保守序列的引物,建立了AIV H9N2亚型的三重PCR检测方法。应用该方法对H9N2亚型AIV模板进行PCR扩增,可得到3条与试验设计相符的目的条带,分别为313 bp (HA基因)、451 bp (NA基因)和667 bp(M基因);对非H9亚型的N2亚型AIV模板进行扩增,出现2条特异性扩增条带,即451 bp (NA基因)和667 bp(M基因);对非H9、N2亚型AIV模板进行扩增则只出现一条目的条带,即667 bp(M基因);对其他禽呼吸道病原体进行PCR扩增,结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果显示此三重PCR方法最低检出限为10^-2 ng/μL。应用所建立的三重PCR方法对120份临床病料进行检测的结果与病毒分离鉴定结果一致。各项试验结果均表明,该方法对于禽流感病毒尤其是H9、N2亚型禽流感病毒的检测具有快捷、特异、灵敏的特点。     

日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽S－转移酶小鼠免疫试验

用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析柱纯化中国大陆株日本血吸虫成虫谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）。把纯化的ＧＳＴ结合福氏性剂免疫了二批达ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，获得了２９．５８～３２．７１％的减虫率和５２．９４～６８．１３％的粪便减卵率。ＥＬＩＳＡ试验表明免疫小鼠产生了体液免疫应答，免疫印迹试验（ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ）显示日本血吸虫水溶性成虫抗原和ＧＳＴ抗原的２６、２８ｋＤ蛋白被免疫小鼠血清所识别。     

猪肌肉组织中磺胺类药物的MSPD净化和HPLC测定

本文以基质固相分散（ＭＳＰＤ） 和高效液相色谱为基础,建立了猪肌肉组织中磺胺类药物多残留快速分析法。将０５ｇ 肌肉组织与适量Ｃ１８ 填料混合,研磨,制成半固态装柱,磺胺类药物经二氯甲烷洗脱后直接用反相高效液相色谱测定（ＵＶ２７０ｎｍ） 。在０１ ～０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ 添加浓度范围内７种磺胺类药物的平均回收率为７０６ ％ ±２０３ ％ 。检测限为００１ ～０１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Gross Anatomy of the Pancreatic Lobes and Ducts in Six Breeds of Domestic Ducks and Six Species of Wild Ducks in China

A previously unreported pancreatic duct was found by Liu (1989) in Pekin ducks. This duct has now been consistently found in six breeds of domestic ducks and six species of wild ducks in China. For purposes of Nomina Anatomica Avium it is hereby called the ‘first pancreatic duct’(Ducius pancreaticus primus) since it enters the duodenum at or near the flexure where the descending duodenum becomes the ascending duodenum. All other pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum later, closer to where it joins the jejunum. This first pancreatic duct drains the caudal extremity of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas and can be easily exteriorized for experimental purposes. Within the parenchyma of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas this duct communicates with the dorsal pancreatic duct. In the present study of the gross anatomy of the pancreatic lobes of domestic and wild Chinese ducks we describe and illustrate variations in position and number of all biliary and pancreatic ducts.