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61.
Tetsuya Inagaki Hitoshi Yonenobu Yuuki Asanuma Satoru Tsuchikawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(4):347-355
Here, we evaluated the application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for estimating the degradation level of archeological wood samples from the Tohyamago area, the dendrochronological ages of which were also determined. The wood samples were radially cut from three logs obtained from the Tohyamago area. NIR reflectance spectra were measured from the tangential faces of air- and oven-dried wood samples using a Fourier transform NIR spectrophotometer. The second derivative spectra within the wavenumber range of 6400–5200 cm?1, in which the effect of moisture content in wood is suspected to be insignificant, showed a characteristic behavior with age. By comparing the second derivative spectral change in our wood samples with that in wood degraded by aging, thermal treatment, fungal attack, and lightning reported in the literature, we found that the second derivative spectra of wood samples from one log was similar to those of wood degraded by hygro-thermal treatment, whereas those of wood samples from another log was similar to those of wood degraded by brown-rot fungi. The physical and chemical properties of archeological wood were well predicted using a combination of partial least square regression analysis and NIR spectroscopy. 相似文献
62.
We selectively assessed the thermal and hygrothermal treatment times of duplex heat-treated samples from the softwood hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and the hardwood Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata) using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral-kinetic analysis. Wood samples from each species were thermally or hygrothermally treated at 120, 130, 150, and 180 °C, and the second-derivative spectra of these samples in the 6300–5450 cm?1 range, where moisture content has the smallest effect, were then subjected to PCA. The master curve that was calculated by kinetic analysis successfully explained changes in the first principal component (PC1) scores with thermal treatment time for all temperatures. The angles between the PC1 loadings that explained the spectral variation due to thermal and hygrothermal treatment were 79° for hinoki and 80° for zelkova. Thus, calculation of the inner product between the second-derivative spectra of duplex heat-treated wood and a loading vector that explained the spectral variation due to thermal or hygrothermal treatment allowed us to selectively assess the thermal and hygrothermal treatment times. 相似文献
63.
Hideki YAMAMOTO Tadahiko KIGUCHI Mineo SENDA Kenji UEDA Masayasu INOUE Tsutomu MATSUMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):309-311
The three missense mutations on the gene for the 130-K protein of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) L11A have been thought to be responsible for the attenuation of its virulence. The Eco47I RFLP detecting the missense mutation at 2349 successfully discriminated L11A and its derivative attenuated isolates from ToMV virulent ones. RFLP analysis and mismatch amplification assay detecting
the missense mutations at 1117 and 2754, respectively, could not discriminate some of the attenuated isolates from the virulent
ones. These results indicated that, of the three missense mutations, only the one at 2349 was conserved in all the L11A-derivative attenuated isolates.
Received 16 March 2001/ Accepted in revised form 22 June 2001 相似文献
64.
65.
Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN Satoru INOUE Yasuko YAKABE Shigeru IIDA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):75-80
Two new active insertion sequences, ISPsy2 and ISPsy3, were isolated from Pseudomonas syringae pv. eriobotryae, the causal agent of stem cankers of loquat trees. ISPsy2 is 1194-bp long, has 16-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats, and
generates a 4-bp target site duplication upon insertion into the selective cartridge of the entrap vector pSHI1063. The nucleotide
sequence of ISPsy2 is completely identical with that of the previously identified IS-like element located adjacent to the
virulence gene psvA of Pseudomonas syringae pv. eriobotryae NAE6. The single open reading frame of ISPsy2 encodes a 323-amino-acid protein that has similarity to the transposase of the
IS5 subgroup of the IS5 family. The ISPsy3 belonging to the IS91 family is 1507 bp in length, does not duplicate its target
sequence, GAAC, and presents an 81% sequence homology with IS801 in P. s. pv. phaseolicola. The transposase of ISPsy3
possesses the conserved amino acid motifs found in the rolling-circle replication protein. Southern blot analysis indicated
that multiple copies of ISPsy2 and ISPsy3 are present in the genomes of P. s. pv. eriobotryae and some of the other P. s. pathovars tested.
Received 16 August 2001/ Accepted in revised form 19 October 2001 相似文献
66.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether bovine coronavirus (BCV) has the ability to initiate infection in a human colon carcinoma cell line, Caco‐2, that has been established to spontaneously differentiate after confluence. When Caco‐2 cells were infected with BCV, a titer of 5.5 × 106 plaque‐forming units (p.f.u.)/mL was found in the culture supernatant at 5 days postinfection. Two clones, Caco‐2/CA1 and Caco‐2/CA2, were then isolated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cell proliferation activities. The ALP activity level of CA1 cells was significantly higher than that of CA2 cells, while the level of cell proliferation activity of CA1 was significantly lower than that of CA2. When CA1 and CA2 cells were infected with BCV at confluence, virus hemagglutination (HA) was detected in the culture supernatant at 5 days postinfection for CA1 cells and at 8 days postinfection for CA2 cells. Thus, BCV propagation was substantially delayed in CA2 cells, suggesting that a cellular factor(s) that appears at the differentiation stage may control BCV propagation. BCV‐susceptible CA1 and CA2 cells showing different levels of ALP activity would be useful for further experiments to elucidate the mechanism of BCV propagation. 相似文献
67.
Kosuke OTAKA Yuuki HIRADATE Norio KOBAYASHI Yoshiki SHIRAKATA Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):375-381
During mammalian spermatogenesis, spermatogenic cells undergo mitotic division and are subsequently divided into haploid spermatids by meiotic division, but the dynamics of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis are unclear in vivo. To gain insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes in the testis, we examined the localization of sex chromosomes before and after meiosis in mouse testis sections. Here, we developed a method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes for the X and Y chromosomes to obtain their positional information in histological testis sections. FISH analysis revealed the sex chromosomal position during spermatogenesis in each stage of seminiferous epithelia and in each spermatogenic cell. In the spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes, sex chromosomes were distantly positioned in the cell. In the zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes at prophase I, X and Y chromosomes had a random
distribution. After meiosis, the X and Y spermatids were random in every seminiferous epithelium. We also detected aneuploidy of sex chromosomes in spermatogenic cells using our developed FISH analysis. Our results provide further insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis, which could help to elucidate a specific difference between X and Y spermatids and sex chromosome-specific behavior. 相似文献
68.
Thu-Thuy NGUYEN Mono Sophie MOTSIRI Moeti Oriel TAIOE Moses Sibusiso MTSHALI Yasuyuki GOTO Shin-Ichiro KAWAZU Oriel Matlhahane Molifi THEKISOE Noboru INOUE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):217-220
A total of 231 serum samples were collected from sheep (n=9), goats (n=99) and cattle (n=123) in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trypanosome infection was detected using Trypanosoma brucei brucei crude antigen (TbbCA) and T. congolense crude antigen (TcoCA) ELISA assays. Recombinant antigen (T. evansi GM6 which consisted of 4 repeat domains, TeGM6-4r) ELISA and immunochromatographic test (ICT) were also used. Crude antigen ELISA, TeGM6-4r-ELISA and ICT detected 27.3%, 29% and 19.9% of trypanosome seropositive samples, respectively. Trypanosome infection prevalence in cattle and goats was 35.8–46.3% and 0–9.1%, respectively. Out of 9 sheep serum samples, 2–4 sera (22.2–44.4%) were positive. The detection performance of crude and recombinant antigen ELISAs was relatively similar (K=0.6–0.7); both are recommended for reference diagnosis and large scale epidemiological surveys. There is potential application for ICT in
on-site diagnosis, but its sensitivity should be improved. 相似文献
69.
Nobuhide KIDO Kaori ONO Tomoko OMIYA Yukio OGUCHI Moemi SETOGAWA Yuuki MACHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1651-1653
Oral examination of two guinea pigs revealed that the unilateral incisor was absent. On radiographic examination, the incisor was identified within the nasal cavity in both patients. Under anesthesia in both patients, the skin was incised from the nostril to 1.5 cm proximal, and the premaxilla and part of the maxilla were exposed. The bone was removed using a surgical drill, and the incisor was exposed in the nasal cavity. The root was grasped with forceps and carefully extracted as it was degraded and very fragile. Diagnosis was easy using oral and radiographic examination. In guinea pig patients where an incisor is absent on oral examination, this condition should be considered. 相似文献
70.
Fatty acid analysis of roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum flesh lipids was carried out by gas chromatography. An unidentified peak appeared in the chromatogram in the elution region
of ≥C24 fatty acids. After enrichment by solvent partitioning, reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and argentation
TLC, the peak component was subjected to structural analyses. The partially hydrogenated products after reaction with hydrazine
hydrate gave seven isomers of cis-hexacosenoic acid (26:1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of their dimethyl disulfide adducts identified
the monounsaturates as 5-, 8-, 11-, 14-, 17-, 20-, and 23-26:1. The peak component was assigned to all-cis-5,8,11,14,17,20,23-hexacosaheptaenoic acid (26:7n-3). GC–MS analyses of the 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivative and methyl ester
confirmed this structure. This fatty acid is a rare, very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLCPUFA). The concentrations
of the acid found in roughscale sole were 0.69 ± 0.34% (N = 5) of total fatty acids in flesh lipids. Roughscale sole appears to be characterized by the occurrence of 26:7n-3, which
is lacking in popular sources of methylene-interrupted VLCPUFA, such as vertebrate retina, spermatozoa, and herring. 相似文献