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51.
Tomohiro Osaki Seiji Kurozumi Kimihiko Sato Taro Terashi Kazuo Azuma Yusuke Murahata Takeshi Tsuka Norihiko Ito Tomohiro Imagawa Saburo Minami Yoshiharu Okamoto 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5007-5015
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin. GlcNAc is a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate found on the cell surface. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism after oral GlcNAc administration in dogs. Results showed that plasma levels of ectoine were significantly higher after oral administration of GlcNAc than prior to administration (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of increased ectoine concentrations in the plasma. The mechanism by which GlcNAc administration leads to increased ectoine plasma concentration remains unclear; future studies are required to clarify this mechanism. 相似文献
52.
Ikuko Ito Toshikazu Yoneda Yoshihiko Omura Tomohiro Osaki Shinsuke Ifuku Hiroyuki Saimoto Kazuo Azuma Tomohiro Imagawa Takeshi Tsuka Yusuke Murahata Norihiko Ito Yoshiharu Okamoto Saburo Minami 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7463-7475
Urocanic acid is a major ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chromophore. Chitins are highly crystalline structures that are found predominantly in crustacean shells. Alpha-chitin consists of microfibers that contain nanofibrils embedded in a protein matrix. Acid hydrolysis is a common method used to prepare chitin nanofibrils (NFs). We typically obtain NFs by hydrolyzing chitin with acetic acid. However, in the present study, we used urocanic acid to prepare urocanic acid chitin NFs (UNFs) and examined its protective effect against UVB radiation. Hos: HR-1 mice coated with UNFs were UVB irradiated (302 nm, 150 mJ/cm2), and these mice showed markedly lower UVB radiation-induced cutaneous erythema than the control. Additionally, sunburn cells were rarely detected in the epidermis of UNFs-coated mice after UVB irradiation. Although the difference was not as significant as UNFs, the number of sunburn cells in mice treated with acetic acid chitin nanofibrils (ANFs) tended to be lower than in control mice. These results demonstrate that ANFs have a protective effect against UVB and suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NFs influence the protective effect of ANFs against UVB radiation. The combination of NFs with other substances that possess UV-protective effects, such as urocanic acid, may provide an enhanced protective effect against UVB radiation. 相似文献
53.
Yusuke Kudo Kosuke Noborio Naoto Shimoozono Ryuki Kurihara Hayato Minami 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(1):217-220
Many papers on measurements of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in rice paddies during a rice cropping season have been published. During a non-cropping season between Nov. and Apr., we investigated direct and indirect GHGs emissions in rice paddies. The indirect GHGs emission was evaluated as the amount of dissolved gases leaching from the paddy fields. Water management practices for the experiment were (1) continuous flooding (CF) and (2) non-flooding (NF). Although the direct CO2 emission in the CF treatment was remained nearly zero during the non-cropping period, direct CO2 emission in the NF treatment was continuously observed throughout the non-cropping period. The concentration of dissolved N2O in the NF treatment was below the detection limit of the instrument during the non-cropping period except immediately after the flooding and before the drainage. The concentration of dissolved N2O kept approximately 2 µg L?1 during the non-cropping period in the CF treatment. The direct CH4 emission and dissolved CH4 were not observed during the non-cropping period. Total gas emission in the NF treatment was 10 times as large as that in the CF treatment. Direct CO2 emission accounted for more than 90 % of the total emission in both treatments. 相似文献
54.
Double-flowered lilies, in which stamens are converted to petaloid organs, are valuable for horticulturists. ‘Elodie’ is a double-flowered lily cultivar in which stamens are homeotically converted into petaloid organs in whorl 3. The ‘Elodie’ cultivar shows individual variation in stamen structure and it was therefore classified into the following three types according to the strength of petaloidy of the stamens: weak (type-I), intermediate (type-II), and strong (type-III) phenotypes. The AGAMOUS (AG) gene is a class C floral identity gene in Arabidopsis thaliana that is involved in the formation of stamens and carpels. An AG-like gene was isolated from ‘Elodie’ (LelAG1) and its expression was compared between flower types. The LelAG1 gene was expressed in whorls 3 and 4, but not in whorls 1 and 2 in all flower types. In type-I flowers, LelAG1 was expressed strongly in whorls 3 and 4, while its expression was significantly decreased in whorl 3 in type-III flowers. In type-II intermediate phenotype flowers, the expression level of LelAG1 in whorl 3 was reduced by 60%. These results suggest that the expression level of AG-like genes is correlated with the degree of petaloidy of the stamens. 相似文献
55.
Takeshi TSUKA Naoki YAMAMOTO Makoto SANESHIGE Takehito MORITA Yuji SUNDEN Yusuke MURAHATA Kazuo AZUMA Tomohiro OSAKI Norihito ITO Yoshiharu OKAMOTO Tomohiro IMAGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1689-1691
A 2-month-old male Japanese Black calf was presented with a 30-day history of progressive
ataxia. Antemortem examination using computed tomography (CT) revealed narrowing of the
disc spaces due to destruction of intervertebral structures between the first and second
thoracic vertebrae and between the second and third thoracic vertebrae. Osteolysis was
evident as irregular hypoattenuating lesions within the opposing end plates of the first,
second and third thoracic vertebrae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected as the causative
bacteria, and discospondylitis was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first bovine case report describing the application of CT for the diagnosis of
discospondylitis. 相似文献
56.
Kazuya Takeuchi Yusuke Kuroda Takamasa Numano Masayuki Kimura Seigo Hayashi Satoshi Furukawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(3):269
Recently, intratracheal instillation has been focused on as a simple, low-cost alternative to the inhalation method. In this study, intratracheal instillation of sulfuric acid, a typical acidic compound, was performed to compare the acute toxicity of acidic compounds that could cause damage to the respiratory system between intratracheal instillation and inhalation. Sulfuric acid was administered to male rats at doses of 0.7, 2, 7, 20, and 60 mg/kg by dividing the total dose into four doses. General condition and body weight were examined up to 14 days after administration, and macropathological and histopathological examinations were performed. The half-lethal dose was then estimated. All animals administered 20 and 60 mg/kg sulfuric acid and one animal administered 2 mg/kg sulfuric acid died within 4 h after administration. No abnormalities were observed in other animals. At 20 and 60 mg/kg, multiple red foci or diffuse red areas were macroscopically observed in the lungs. In these lesions, histopathologically, clefts between the mucosal epithelium and basement membrane and necrosis of the alveolar epithelium were observed. Deaths in these groups may have resulted from lung injury. No notable changes were observed in other animals. Therefore, the half-lethal dose of sulfuric acid by intratracheal instillation was estimated as 7–20 mg/kg. The acute toxicity by intratracheal instillation was evaluated with two-fold sensitivity since the exposure at the half-lethal sulfuric acid concentration in inhalation studies was calculated as 43.2 mg/kg. 相似文献
57.
Yusuke Kuroda Yumiko Hoshikawa Kota Irie Masayuki Kimura Kazuya Takeuchi Satoshi Furukawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2022,35(1):95
Although spontaneous development of seminoma is rare in medaka, we encountered spontaneous testicular tumors located within the abdominal cavity in two adult medakas. The growth patterns of the tumors were a combination of solid and cord arrangements in one of the two cases (Case I) and lobular in the other case (Case II). The tumor cells resembled the cells at different stages of spermatogenesis, and a small number of oocyte-like cells were also scattered within the tumor. The tumor with solid and cord patterns showed loss of normal testicular architecture, and the tumor cells had partly invaded the dorsal muscular tissue and metastasized to the liver, kidney, and eye. The tumor with a lobular pattern did not exhibit local invasion or metastasis. The tumors were diagnosed as seminomas based on their histopathological characteristics, and the tumor in Case I was observed to be more malignant than that in Case II. 相似文献
58.
Fast‐to‐slow shift of muscle fiber‐type composition by dietary apple polyphenols in rats: Impact of the low‐dose supplementation 下载免费PDF全文
Wataru Mizunoya Shinpei Okamoto Hideo Miyahara Mariko Akahoshi Takahiro Suzuki Mai‐Khoi Q. Do Hideaki Ohtsubo Yusuke Komiya Mulan Qahar Toshiaki Waga Koichi Nakazato Yoshihide Ikeuchi Judy E. Anderson Ryuichi Tatsumi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):489-499
Our previous studies demonstrated that an 8‐week intake of 5% (w/w) apple polyphenol (APP) in the diet improves muscle endurance of young‐adult rats. In order to identify a lower limit of the dietary contribution of APP to the effect, the experiments were designed for lower‐dose supplementation (8‐week feeding of 0.5% APP in AIN‐93G diet) to 12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Results clearly showed that the 0.5% APP diet significantly up‐regulates slower myosin‐heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoform ratios (IIx and IIa relative to total MyHC) and myoglobin expression in lower hind‐limb muscles examined (P < 0.05). There was a trend to increased fatigue resistance detected from measurements of relative isometric plantar‐flexion force torque generated by a stimulus train delivered to the tibial nerve (F(98, 1372) = 1.246, P = 0.0574). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the animal body‐phenotypes or locomotor activity shown as total moving distance in light and dark periods. Therefore, the present study encourages the notion that even low APP‐intake may increase the proportions of fatigue‐resistant myofibers, and has promise as a strategy for modifying performance in human sports and improving function in age‐related muscle atrophy. 相似文献
59.
Equine coronavirus (ECoV) was first isolated from a diarrheic foal and was found genetically similar to group II coronaviruses. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately investigated. In our preliminary in vitro investigation, ECoV-induced cell death was observed in bovine kidney-derived MDBK cells. Based on this finding, we investigated whether the ECoV-induced CPE was apoptosis. Following ECoV infection, MDBK cells showed morphological changes such as cell rounding and detachment from the culture surface. Moreover, syncytium formation was observed as the other type of cytopathic effect in ECoV infection. Morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis, such as nuclear fragmentation and DNA ladder formation, were also detected in ECoV-infected cells. Moreover, as is commonly observed in coronavirus infection in other animals, the activities of effecter caspases – caspase-3/7 – and initiator caspases – caspase-8 and caspase-9 – that are representative factors in the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, respectively, were increased in ECoV-infected MDBK cells. Therefore, it was suggested that ECoV can induce apoptosis in MDBK cells via a caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptotic death of infected cells is detrimental because it causes cell and tissue destruction and inflammatory responses. Although the pathological characteristics of ECoV are largely unknown, apoptosis may be the pathological basis of lesions of the digestive system in ECoV infection. 相似文献
60.