水稻芽期与幼苗前期耐碱性状QTL定位

利用包含120个株系的籼粳交来源(春江06/TN1)的加倍单倍体群体, 在Na₂CO₃胁迫下, 以发芽期和幼苗前期的相对发芽势等10个性状作为耐碱性评价指标, 进行水稻耐碱性的QTL定位。相关性分析表明, 相对发芽势和相对发芽率显著正相关, 相对苗高、相对根数和相对根长之间显著正相关。采用QTLNetwork统计软件共定位到14个加性QTL和13个上位性QTL。在第3染色体RM251~RM3280间有2个QTL, 在第7染色体RM3286~RM1279区域有3个QTL; 在第1、2和7染色体同一位置同时检测到2个上位性QTL, 在第12染色体RM1246~RM5199之间集中了4个上位性QTL, 耐碱数量基因表现出一因多效或紧密连锁现象。耐碱性盐QTL可能包括两类, 一类与K+、Na+等离子胁迫有关, 另一类与高pH胁迫有关。不同类型的水稻品种都具有一些耐碱基因, 可以通过有性杂交和分子标记辅助选择的方法选育优良的耐碱品种。     

丘陵山地茶园土壤团聚体及其碳含量分布特征研究

通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对丘陵山地茶园土壤团聚体及其碳含量分布特征进行研究。结果表明:茶园土壤0～20cm以>5mm团聚体含量最高,占20.59%,20～40cm土层土壤团聚体以<0.25mm微团聚体为主,占35.32%。0～20cm,20～40cm土层均以>5mm粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量最高,团聚体基本呈现粒径增大,有机碳含量增加的规律。茶园在0～20cm土层>5mm粒径土壤团聚体有机碳储量及其分配比例最大,0.25～0.5mm团聚体含量最少,而20～40cm土层以0.25～0.5mm团聚体土壤有机碳储量及其分配比例最大,>5mm团聚体的比例最小。     

太阳能集热器热循环媒介储能特性的比较研究

比较了太阳能集热器分别以空气和水为热储能媒介时对卵石层的储热特性. (1)利用由直径为47mm,长度为1500mm的28根真空管组成的太阳能集热器和直径为50～100mm的卵石,设计了热循环储热系统,在宽4m、长2.7m、高2.6m的房间内的供热量为10.8 m2.(2)对不同热储能媒介的热储量进行了测试,结果表明以空气作为媒介时,卵石层中热储能为55MJ·d-1,以水为媒介时热储能为49MJ·d-1.(3) 以水为媒介时卵石层的温度变化相对以空气为媒介时的温度变化较小,并且稳定.     

基于NDVI-Albedo特征空间的沙漠化动态变化研究——以准格尔盆地南缘为例

土地沙漠化是干旱区主要生态环境问题之一,也是干旱区农业发展的重要制约因子。以新疆农八师石河子垦区150团为研究区域,基于TM遥感影像,计算了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、地表反照率(Albedo)等指标,通过建立NDVI—Albedo特征空间,对研究区沙漠化的等级进行划分。将研究区的沙化土地分为极重度、重度、中度、轻度沙漠化土地,并通过地面调查验证,对其精度进行了评价。对2000,2005和2010年3期数据进行分类处理,并对这3期的沙漠化信息进行了分析。结果表明,利用该方法的分析精度满足研究要求;研究区通过10a的发展变化,其沙漠化状况得到了有效改善。     

兽用抗体制品制造技术与应用

重点介绍了目前我国兽用抗血清、卵黄抗体和单克隆抗体等方面的发展情况,并以实例对制品的理论、制造技术和应用作以简要说明。     

Effect of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as an Antioxidant on In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes and Development of Parthenogenetic Embryos in Pigs

One of the factors that impairs in vitro produced porcine embryos is the oxidative stress that is mainly caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidants activity, especially that of glutathione (GSH). Here, we examined the effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a kind of flavonoid antioxidant, on porcine oocyte maturation and its developmental competence. Porcine oocytes were cultured in media supplemented with 0, 1, 5 and 10 μM 7,8-DHF during both in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) after parthenogenetic activation. Maturation of oocytes was evaluated based on first polar body (PB) extrusion and intracellular GSH level, and developmental competence was assessed through observing cleavage and blastocyst formation. In each step, the levels of intracellular GSH and ROS were assessed by fluorescence intensity, and the apoptosis-related gene expression was examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The group treated with 1 μM 7,8-DHF during IVM and IVC showed increased cytoplasmic maturation and reached the blastocysts stage (36.1%) at a higher rate than the other groups (24.7, 16.0 and 10.3% for 0, 5 and 10 μM, P<0.05). In that group, the intracellular GSH level was significantly increased while ROS generation was significantly decreased after IVM and IVC (P<0.05). Moreover, it showed high expression of an anti-apoptotic gene (BCL2L1) and low expression of a pro-apoptotic gene (BAK1) (P<0.05). In conclusion, treatment with 1 μM 7,8-DHF during IVM and IVC showed an anti-apoptotic effect by increasing intracellular GSH synthesis and scavenging ROS and therefore improved the developmental competence of porcine embryos.     

动物蛋白质降解研究进展

蛋白质降解在动物机体的功能中发挥着必不可少的作用，但仅仅在最近十年，蛋白质水解系统才得到阐明，蛋白质降解的重要性才得以普遍认识。本文综述了蛋白质降解的生理意义，研究方法，动物细胞蛋白质降解的途径：溶酶体途径、线粒体蛋白酶分解系统、泛素－蛋白酶体途径和胞液蛋白酶水解途径以及动物肌肉蛋白质降解的调节因子，包括营养因子，如日粮蛋白水平、蛋能比、氨基酸、肽和饲喂水平等；非营养因子，如糖皮质激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素、细胞分裂素和其它因子等。     

Inhibitory effect of enokitake extract on melanosis of shrimp

ABSTRACT:  The inhibitory effect of 70% acetone extract of enokitakemushroom Flammulina velutipes on the mealnosis of shrimp Trachypenaeuscurvirostris was investigated. The acetone extract effectivelyprevented the mushroom tyrosinase activity as well as melanosisof American crayfish Procambarus clarkii hemolymph. Wheneach of two fractions of the acetone extract, which were unadsorbedon both of Dowex 50W X8 and/or DEAE-TOYOPERAL 650 columns,was mixed with hemolymph of the American crayfish, the melanosisthat usually occurs in the heparinized hemolymph was effectivelyprevented. Immersing shrimp in the acetone extract of enokitakemushroom delayed the color darkening usually found in the post-mortemshrimp. These observations suggested that enokitake mushroom containedcertain compounds that inhibit the formation of melanin due to thecatalytic oxidation of polyphenol oxidase, as well as mushroom tyrosinaseactivity.     

用FPGA实现的位同步电路

位同步电路在现代通信中占有重要地位.根据数字信号特点,设计了超前-滞后全数字锁相环,采用现场可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)进行了集成处理,并通过了系统仿真和下载测试.测试结果表明,该设计方法能比较准确地恢复位同步信号,并适合在不同的传输速率下工作.     

基于ADAMS/VIEW汽车前悬架的建模及仿真

针对某轻型轿车的双横臂独立前悬架系统,在ADAMS/VIEW中建立了其虚拟模型,为反映车辆的真实行驶工况,对车轮测试平台创建了随机激励。通过仿真分析,揭示了运动特性参数在悬架运动过程中的变化规律,研究分析主销角随车轮上下跳动时的变化规律,评价悬架数据合理性。本项研究为虚拟样机技术在新产品开发中的应用提供了有效方法。