牛ANGPTL3基因的电子克隆与序列分析

运用生物信息学方法,对牛ANGPTL3基因的cDNA进行了序列分析,并对推导的牛AN-GPTL3蛋白结构与性质进行了初步分析。结果表明,牛ANGPTL3基因的cDNA由1 566个核苷酸构成,包括1 380 bp的开放阅读框,80 bp的完整的5′非翻译区和106 bp 3′完整的非翻译区,编码460个氨基酸。该基因cDNA编码区序列与野猪、狗、黑猩猩、人以及恒河猴编码区序列的相似性分别为90%,88%,87%,87%和86%,而推导出的氨基酸序列与野猪、狗、黑猩猩、人以及恒河猴的相似性分别为86%,86%,83%,83%和80%。利用该基因编码序列翻译的氨基酸序列与野猪、狗、黑猩猩、恒河猴和人同源基因相应序列构建分子进化树,结果表明,牛的ANGPTL3基因在上述5个物种中,与野猪的分子进化关系最近。     

Monitoring of Atmospheric Mercury at a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Site on An-Myun Island, Korea

In order to investigate the regional background concentration levels of mercury (Hg), measurements were routinely recorded on An-Myun Island off the coast of Korea (December 2004 to April 2006). The mean concentration of Hg computed from the entire measurement period was 4.61?±?2.21 ng m^?3 with a range of 0.10–25.4 ng m^?3 (N?=?10,485). Using these data, we inspected various aspects of Hg behavior from the relatively remote island of An-Myun in Korea. Inspection of the seasonal patterns of Hg indicated that its concentration levels generally peaked in spring, while reached a minimum in summer. The summertime deficiency of Hg along with the lack of diurnal variation suggests that the environmental behavior of Hg at the study site was strongly suppressed by heavy precipitation during specific period. The diurnal variations of Hg, typically characterized by a relative daytime dominance, are distinguishable between seasons so that such patterns disappear during the summer. The results of our analysis, when inspected in terms of long-range transport of airborne pollutants, imply that Hg concentration levels can be affected intensively by trans-boundary input processes over certain period of time. Its springtime dominance hence suggests the combined effects of various local source processes and the meteorological conditions favorable for the massive air mass transport phenomenon (such as Asian Dust storms) during that time period.     

The future of fish passage science,engineering, and practice

Much effort has been devoted to developing, constructing and refining fish passage facilities to enable target species to pass barriers on fluvial systems, and yet, fishway science, engineering and practice remain imperfect. In this review, 17 experts from different fish passage research fields (i.e., biology, ecology, physiology, ecohydraulics, engineering) and from different continents (i.e., North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia) identified knowledge gaps and provided a roadmap for research priorities and technical developments. Once dominated by an engineering‐focused approach, fishway science today involves a wide range of disciplines from fish behaviour to socioeconomics to complex modelling of passage prioritization options in river networks. River barrier impacts on fish migration and dispersal are currently better understood than historically, but basic ecological knowledge underpinning the need for effective fish passage in many regions of the world, including in biodiversity hotspots (e.g., equatorial Africa, South‐East Asia), remains largely unknown. Designing efficient fishways, with minimal passage delay and post‐passage impacts, requires adaptive management and continued innovation. While the use of fishways in river restoration demands a transition towards fish passage at the community scale, advances in selective fishways are also needed to manage invasive fish colonization. Because of the erroneous view in some literature and communities of practice that fish passage is largely a proven technology, improved international collaboration, information sharing, method standardization and multidisciplinary training are needed. Further development of regional expertise is needed in South America, Asia and Africa where hydropower dams are currently being planned and constructed.     

山豆根多糖对鸡免疫器官发育及体内活性氧水平的影响

为探讨山豆根多糖(SSP)对鸡免疫功能及体内抗氧化能力的影响,将山豆根多糖分别按50、100、200 mg/kg体重对14日龄公鸡胸部肌肉注射,在21、28、35、42日龄分别测定了鸡血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化力(TAOC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和一氧化氮(NO)的水平及鸡胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果表明,鸡28日龄时,50～200 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡血浆中还原型谷胱甘肽水平(P0.05,P0.01);鸡35日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡的胸腺指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中SOD活性极显著升高(P0.01),200 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆NO水平显著升高(P0.01);鸡42日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡脾脏指数和法氏囊指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中MDA水平极显著升高(P0.01)。提示山豆根多糖能够促进鸡免疫器官发育,并对鸡体内活性氧水平具有调节作用。     

遵义烟区不同海拔下植烟土壤细菌群落及影响因素分析

为探究不同海拔下植烟土壤细菌群落结构特征及影响细菌群落结构的主要因素,在贵州省遵义地区选择海拔800（ZL）、1000（ZS）和1200m（ZH）的3块植烟土壤,采用16S rRNA高通量测序法对植烟土壤微生物多样性进行分析。结果表明,ZL和ZH处理植烟土壤细菌α多样性均低于ZS处理;3个海拔下植烟土壤优势门为放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）,放线菌门的相对丰度以ZL处理最高,较ZH处理提高了34.22%;变形菌门表现则相反,ZH处理变形菌门丰度较ZL处理显著提高。绿弯菌门与酸杆菌门丰度在3个海拔处理中表现较为一致,均为ZS>ZL>ZH。聚类热图分析结果显示,土壤含水率和pH与Armatimonadota和蓝细菌门（Gyanobacteria）存在显著正相关关系,与变形菌门存在显著负相关关系;变形菌门、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和髌骨菌门（Patescibacteria）与土壤微生物量氮存在显著正相关关系,而与速效钾存在极显著负相关关系。     

Potential of auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda double-knockout mutant as a delivery vector for DNA vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

To evaluate potential of an auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda mutant (Δalr Δasd E. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine in fish, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were immunized with the E. tarda mutant harboring plasmids (pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP) for eukaryotic expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene through either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route, and the expression of eGFP in the internal organs and generation of antibody against eGFP in fish were analyzed. In fish i.p. injected with 2×10(7)CFU/fish of Δalr Δasd E. tarda harboring pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP, expression of eGFP was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 28 days post-injection. In fish orally administered with 1×10(9)CFU/fish of the bacteria, the eGFP band was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 14 days post-administration, whereas, in intestine, the band was detected only at 1 day post-administration. Either oral or i.p. immunization of olive flounder with recombinant E. tarda that carried eGFP-expressing eukaryotic plasmids was successful to induce humoral adaptive immunity against not only E. tarda that was used as a delivery vehicle but also eGFP that was used as the reporter protein of DNA vaccine, suggesting attenuated E. tarda-vectored DNA vaccine has a potential to be used as a combined vaccine against infectious diseases in fish.     

Sodium bicarbonate protects uranium-induced acute nephrotoxicity through uranium-decorporation by urinary alkalinization in rats

To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in removing uranium and protecting animals from uranium toxicity, we intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate to 8-wk-old male SD rats, and 20 min after administration of uranyl nitrate, the animals were given a single oral administration of SB at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 g/kg. The SB treatment at a dose of 0.3 g/kg or more raised the pH of the rats’ urine until 4 h after treatment, and it significantly reduced the uranium amounts in the kidneys at 1 day after treatment. In another experiment, rats were intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate, and 20 min later, the animals were treated with sodium bicarbonate (0.1 or 1 g/kg). The rats were autopsied at 1, 3 and 7 days after uranium treatment. High-dose SB resulted in a significant increase in urinary uranium excretion in the first 24 h and a reduction of uranium deposition in the kidneys and femurs, and it also significantly suppressed uranium-induced renal toxicity, as shown by both histopathology and clinical chemistry at 3 days after uranium treatment. Low-dose SB did not show such marked effects. Our findings demonstrated that the uranium decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate was observed at the dosage showing urine alkalinization in rats and that decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate might be beneficial if it is administered immediately after incorporation of soluble uranium.     

吉林省畜牧机械化发展状况刍议

吉林省是农业大省．有大力发展畜牧业的基础。本文介绍了国内外畜牧业的发展现状，指出了吉林省发展畜牧业存在的问题，给出了相应的对策。认为在未来的发展中应该采取以机械化促进畜牧业的发展．以畜牧业的发展来带动机械化的方法，来进一步提高和完善吉林省的畜牧业机械化，使其能够更好的为吉林省的畜牧和经济建设服务。     

Relating tradable credits for biodiversity to sustainability criteria in a dynamic landscape

Tradable biodiversity credit systems provide flexible means to resolve conflicts between development and conservation land-use options for habitats occupied by threatened or endangered species. We describe an approach to incorporate the influence of habitat fragmentation into the conservation value of tradable credits. Habitat fragmentation decreases gene flow, increases rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, and increases probabilities of patch extinction. Importantly, tradable credit systems will change the level of fragmentation over time for small and/or declining populations. We apply landscape equivalency analysis (LEA), a generalizable, landscape-scale accounting system that assigns conservation value to habitat patches based on patch contributions to abundance and genetic variance at landscape scales. By evaluating habitat trades using two models that vary the relationship between dispersal behaviors and landscape patterns, we show that LEA provides a novel method for limiting access to habitat at the landscape-scale, recognizing that the appropriate amount of migration needed to supplement patch recruitment and to offset drift and inbreeding will vary as landscape pattern changes over time. We also found that decisions based on probabilities of persistence alone would ignore changes in migration, genetic drift, and patch extinction that result from habitat trades. The general principle of LEA is that habitat patches traded should make at least equivalent contributions to rates of recruitment and migration estimated at a landscape scale. Traditional approaches for assessing the “take” and “jeopardy” standards under the Endangered Species Act based on changes in abundance and probability of persistence may be inadequate to prevent trades that increase fragmentation.     

旋转式分插机构动力学试验台的研制

分插机构是插秧机的核心工作部件,其性能决定插秧机插秧质量、工作可靠性和栽插秧频率,也是插秧机作业时重要的振动源。为此,通过对分插机构的动力学分析,得出需测试的动力学参数,设计出具有测试分插机构运动学和动力学参数的试验台,并对试验台的通用性和测量电路进行了阐述。