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排序方式: 共有294条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Accuracy of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism marker genotypes from low‐density panels in Japanese Black cattle
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Shinichiro Ogawa Hirokazu Matsuda Yukio Taniguchi Toshio Watanabe Akiko Takasuga Yoshikazu Sugimoto Hiroaki Iwaisaki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):3-12
Using target and reference fattened steer populations, the performance of genotype imputation using lower‐density marker panels in Japanese Black cattle was evaluated. Population imputation was performed using BEAGLE software. Genotype information for approximately 40 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers by Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was available, and imputation accuracy was assessed based on the average concordance rates of the genotypes, varying equally spaced SNP densities, and the number of individuals in the reference population. Two additional statistics were also calculated as indicators of imputation performance. The concordance rates tended to be lower for SNPs with greater minor allele frequencies, or those located near the ends of the chromosomes. Longer autosomes yielded greater imputation accuracies than shorter ones. When SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium information, relative imputation accuracy was slightly improved. When 3000 and 10 000 equally spaced SNPs were used, the imputation accuracies were greater than 90% and approximately 97%, respectively. These results indicate that combining genotyping using a lower‐density SNP chip with genotype imputation based on a population of individuals genotyped using a higher‐density SNP chip is a cost‐effective and valid approach for genomic prediction. 相似文献
3.
Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kurihara S Shibahara S Arisaka H Akiyama Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1263-1270
Supplementation with both cystine and glutamic acid increases the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which has a marked effect on immune cell function, as compared with supplementation with either amino acid alone in human macrophages in vitro. As dietary glutamic acid is metabolized during intestinal transport, oral administration of L-theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamide), which is metabolized to glutamic acid mainly in the liver, may act as a glutamic acid donor in vivo. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of oral administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on GSH levels and immune responses. Co-administration of L-cystine (200 mg/kg) and L-theanine (80 mg/kg) for 11 days before immunization significantly increased the levels of total GSH in the liver 6 hr after immunization as compared with the levels in control mice. To examine the effects of administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on the balance of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cell responses, the serum ratios of the Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and the Th2 cytokine, interleukin IL-10, were investigated. At 24 hr after immunization, co-administration significantly increased the IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio compared with the ratios of the control and single-administration mice. Furthermore, co-administration before primary immunization significantly enhanced serum antigen-specific IgG levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine enhances antigen-specific IgG production partly through augmentation of GSH levels and Th2-mediated responses. 相似文献
4.
The aim of the present study was to examine whether cumulus and fibroblast cell nuclear-transferred oocytes, which have high and low potential to develop into normal calves, respectively, are different in terms of in their patterns of timing of first cleavage and in their relationships between timing of first cleavage and in vitro developmental potential. The timing of first cleavage was similar in both types of nuclear-transferred and in vitro fertilized oocytes. More than 86% of the oocytes cleaved within 24 h after activation or in vitro fertilization; these oocytes contributed to more than 98% of the total number of blastocysts in all three groups. The potential of oocytes that cleaved at different intervals to develop into blastocysts differed among the groups. The developmental potential of the cumulus cell nuclear-transferred oocytes and in vitro fertilized oocytes decreased with the increase in time required for cleavage. Fibroblast cell nuclear-transferred oocytes that cleaved at 20 h, an intermediate cleaving time, had higher potential to develop into blastocysts. The results of the present study suggest that the type of donor nucleus used for nuclear transfer affects the timing of first cleavage. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT: As a possible factor leading to the low recruitment level of sea urchins in kelp forests, the inhibitory effect of 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) released from the large perennial brown algae Ecklonia kurome and Eisenia bicyclis on survival and metamorphosis of eight-armed larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was examined. The percentage of larvae that underwent metamorphosis in filtered sea water after 1 h exposure to one-half dilution of saturated dibromomethane solution (∼60 ppm) as a chemical inducer reached approximately 100% after 1 h, while that in filtered sea water containing 1 ppm TBP was reduced to 73%. This was further reduced to less than 40% in the presence of 10 and 20 ppm TBP after 2 h. In filtered sea water containing 1 and 10 ppm DBP, the proportion of metamorphosed larvae was reduced markedly to 43 and 5% after 2 h, respectively. All larvae exposed to 50 ppm TBP and to 20 and 50 ppm DBP died after 1 h. These findings suggest that DBP is more toxic than TBP for sea urchin larvae, strongly inhibiting their metamorphosis. 相似文献
6.
The relative parasitic fitness of isolates of Pyricularia oryzae with different sensitivities to isoprothiolane (di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) and IBP (S-benzyl O, O-di-isopropyl phosphorothioate) was studied in the absence of fungicides. Four field isolates (S-1,S-2,MR-1 and MR-2) and two in-vitro mutants (Rvt-1 and Rvt-2) were used for disease epidemics. S-l and S-2 were wild types; MR-1 and MR-2 were sensitive to isoprothiolane and moderately resistant to IBP, and Rvt-1 and Rvt-2 were resistant to both fungicides. Twelve epidemics were made by inoculating rice seedlings with mixed conidial suspensions of two isolates or mutants. The value of relative parasitic fitness (W = 0-1.0) was calculated for each isolate and epidemic. S-l and S-2 were stronger (W = 1.0) than MR-2, Rvt-1 and Rvt-2; but weaker (W = 0.75, 0.73, respectively) than MR-1. MR-1 was strongest among all isolates and mutants used. MR-2 was slightly weaker (W = 0.9-1.0) than S-l and S-2, but stronger than Rvt-1 and Rvt-2. Rvt-1 and Rvt-2 had smaller values of W, ranging from 0.25-0.58, in the epidemics with each field isolate. These results suggest that the proportions of in-vitro mutants do not increase unless intensive selection pressure is given, and would be expected to decrease rapidly after the selection pressure is removed. Isolates moderately resistant to IBP, such as MR-1 and MR-2, however, had high values of W, suggesting that they would increase or would not decrease rapidly in the absence of selection pressure. These results may well explain why isolates highly resistant to isoprothiolane and IBP have seldom been found, and why a large number of isolates moderately resistant to IBP but sensitive to isoprothiolane have been observed in the field. 相似文献
7.
Yagi Y Thongnoon P Shiono H Chikayama Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):623-625
As a part of the elucidation of the pathogenesis of anemia in Theileria sergenti infection, oxidized-erythrocyte membrane proteins (OEMPs) collected from T. sergenti-infected calves were examined. The amount of OEMPs were seen to increase with the progress of the anemia and showed a maximum value around the crisis period of the infection. The increase of OEMPs coincided with band Nos. 1, 2, 2.1, 3, 4.1, 5, 6, and 7. The majority of them was located at the Triton X-100 un-extractive phase, and was confirmed as cytoskeletal proteins. This evidence indicates the enhancement of erythrocytic oxidation, and suggests that it might be one of the aggravating factors of anemia in T. sergenti infection. 相似文献
8.
Toshihiro NADE Jun-ichi SABURI Tsuyosi ABE Tetsuo NAKAGAWA Toshiaki OKUMURA Satsuki MISUMI Kunihiko SAITO Tadashi KAWAMURA Kazuhisa FUJITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):567-574
The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R2 = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R2 = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population. 相似文献
9.
Taketo Ashizawa Masashi Sasahara Atsushi Ohba Takeshi Hori Kouji Ishikawa Yukio Sasaki Tomohisa Kuroda Ryoei Harasawa Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata Shinzo Koizumi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):15-21
Leaf blast suppression in multilines was evaluated based on the number of susceptible lesions observed in a pure stand of
susceptible rice cultivar Sasanishiki, and in 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures of Sasanishiki and a resistant near-isogenic line,
Sasanishiki BL4 or BL7, from 1998 to 2001. The number of lesions first observed in fields in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures
were close to theoretical numbers calculated using the number of lesions observed in the pure stands and the ratios of the
susceptible Sasanishiki in the mixtures. The ratio of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number
in the pure stand was 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. The relationship between these ratios and the ratios of susceptible Sasanishiki
in mixtures was defined in an equation to estimate the degree of leaf blast suppression. Validation studies for the ratios
of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand were conducted in two different locations
and showed that the ratios are almost acceptable. The calculated autoinfection to alloinfection ratio was 1.3 and 1.4 in the
1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures, respectively, suggesting that the calculated ratio will affect the degree of leaf blast suppression.
Thus, predictors were obtained to estimate leaf blast suppression for effective blast control in multilines. 相似文献
10.
Morio Imada Takashi Kunisaki Nobuya Mizoue Yukio Teraoka 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(2):89-93
A spacing experiment for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var.grosseserrata) with Nelder's design have been studied at the Kyushu University Forest in Hokkaido, since 1975. The oak seedlings were planted
according to systematic spacings which were 20 levels varying gradually from 40,816 to 1,086 seedlings per hectare with concentric
circular arcs (22 in number) and spokes (41 in number). In 1992 when the planted oak seedlings were 18-year-old, DBH, crown
diameter, total height and clear length of the survival trees were measured. Based on the results obtained from analyzing
the relationships between planting density and the mean values of each block, the optimum planting density should be 7,241
seedlings per hectare.
The title is tentative translation from the original Japanese title by the authors of this paper. 相似文献