城市土壤有机碳和黑碳的含量特征与来源分析

由于城市化过程中人为活动的深刻影响，城市土壤的一些性质被强烈地改变。城市土壤有机质由于来源的多样性和受到不同程度人为活动的影响，其组成和分布特征表现出异质性和多样性。本研究以南京市为对象，研究了功能区之间土壤有机碳和黑碳含量的差异。与郊区土壤相比，城市土壤的有机碳含量普遍较高。通过对有机碳组成的分析发现其中稳定的黑碳含量较郊区土壤明显偏高，且在不同功能区之间呈现差异性，体现了人为影响过程和污染来源的差别。同时发现路边绿化带土壤正受到来自交通环境的强烈影响，其有机碳和黑碳含量与其他功能区存在显著差异。不同功能区之间因人为影响的差异，土壤中黑碳含量与有机碳含量的比值表现出明显的不同，可以指示黑碳的可能来源。城市土壤环境中黑碳可能构成了总有机碳中的很大部分，这与自然土壤有明显的差别。     

长期施肥棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其驱动力

[目的]探究长期不同施肥对土壤有机硫矿化量、动力学特征和酶活性的影响,揭示玉米–大豆轮作体系中棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其主要驱动因子.[方法]沈阳农业大学长期定位试验于1979年建立,为玉米–玉米–大豆(一年一熟)轮作模式.试验设置15个处理,本研究选取了其中7个处理,分别为:CK(不施肥)、N1(低量化学氮肥)、N2(高...     

In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

海藻肥对黄瓜种子萌发盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用

盐胁迫会破坏种子细胞的结构和功能,导致代谢紊乱,活力降低乃至失去活力。李庭红认为在15g·L-1NaCl盐胁迫下,黄瓜种子的发芽率一般为50%-60%。前人曾以乙烯利、矮壮素、水杨酸等溶液浸种的方法缓解盐胁迫对萌发种子的伤害,但成本高,操作繁琐,效果也不尽理想。海藻肥是一种从海藻中提取的天然生长调节     

不同留配体制下小群体近交的研究

采用Monte Carlo方法研究了群体在3种规模7种留配体制下50个世代内的近交。结果表明,最优留种最优选配是近期内控制近交最有效的留配体制。非同胞随机交配和最优选配在随机留种下均可有效地控制群体近交。而在家系等数留种下只能控制起初若干世代的近交,可控制的世代数因群体规模而异。选配增加了世代内个体近交系数的一致性,但增大了世代间近交量的差异。     

谈两篇优秀公文的情景语境

对两篇优秀公文从写作对象、写作主体、写作方式等方面进行了分析,说明情景语境因素在公文写作中同样起着极其重要的作用。     

柠条种子害虫幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究

采用6种不同的判断空间分布格局的聚集度指标,并应用T ay lor幂法则和Iw ao回归分析法,得出柠条种子小蜂(B ruchophagus neocaraganae)、柠条豆象(Ky torh inus imm ix tus)、豆荚螟(E tiella z inckenella)3种柠条种子害虫的空间分布型为聚集分布,总结出田间调查抽样方法为分行取样法,并得出田间幼虫不同密度时的理论抽样数。     

新颖三相异步电动机错相和缺相保护电路

从理论上分析了错相及缺相判别原理，提出了新颖保护电路，其线路简单、实用。     

亚洲玉米螟卵对3种赤眼蜂的适合性比较

观察研究了以米蛾卵和亚洲玉米螟卵为寄主时，玉米螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae)、拟澳洲赤眼蜂（T.confusum)，松毛虫赤眼蜂（T.dendrolimi)等3种赤眼蜂的寄生发生及羽化情况，结果发现：以米蛾卵为寄主时，3种赤眼蜂最高，达10．42％，且死于预蛹期以前的蜂所占比例显高于拟澳洲赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂，以亚洲玉米螟卵为寄主时，玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生发生率和寄生卵粒数显高于其它两种蜂，松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生发生率显低于其它两种蜂。可以为，亚洲玉米螟卵是玉米螟赤眼蜂的适宜寄主，是拟澳洲赤眼蜂的次适寄主，是松毛虫赤眼蜂的不适寄主。     

甘蔗腋芽快速繁殖培养基及激素配方的筛选

研究培养基和激素对甘蔗梢部幼茎腋芽萌发、丛芽产生、芽苗增殖及小苗促根的影响 ,以筛选出较佳激素组成 .结果表明 ,液体培养基优于固体培养基 .在供试激素质量浓度范围内 ,附加 0 .0 5和 1.0或 2 .0 mg· L-1BA最有利于腋芽萌发 ;附加 2 .0或 3.0 mg· L-1BA最有利于丛生芽的产生和芽苗的增殖 ,但 1.0 mg· L-1BA最有利于培育壮苗 ;附加 4 .0 mg· L-1NAA最有利于芽苗生根 .本研究可为甘蔗离体快速繁殖提供技术