带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮三维贴体网格生成

采用泊松方程进行带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内三维贴体网格的自动生成 ,并通过源项控制来满足网格的正交性及调整网格疏密。计算时根据边界处网格线正交的控制角和控制距离的几何约束确定边界条件 ,利用分块粘接技术生成了带分流叶片离心泵叶轮内的三维分块结构化贴体网格 ,从而提高了流场流动分析中前处理环节的效率和精度 ,能使在湍流计算中广泛应用的壁面函数法的条件容易满足 ,并能使普遍采用的压力第二边界条件直接用于计算中 ,还能满足差分要求 ,减小离散误差。     

柴油机机体的模态分析与减振设计

采用 ANSYS有限元分析软件 ,对一直列 6缸柴油机机体进行了模态分析 ,并与实验模态分析结果相比较 ,验证了计算模型的正确性。在该模型的基础上 ,从增加刚性和减少质量方面进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,铝制机体以及梯形框架结构和加强板结构均可减小机体的振动 ,进而降低发动机的噪声。     

Physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue

Mast cells are important cells for the innate immunity that reside in tissues including adipose tissue and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes by producing a range of biological mediators. Adipose tissue not only acts as an energy depot and regulator of energy homeostasis that can deposit excess energy and dissipate energy through heat, but also is an active endocrine organ capable of producing hormones and adipokines. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is highly correlated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and so on. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue.     

粮食安全视域下生态低碳农业的发展战略与路径选择

实现粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标是加快农业农村现代化步伐、加快建设农业强国的关键。为助推粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标的同步实现,本研究立足粮食安全视域,阐释生态低碳农业的科学内涵,厘清粮食安全与生态低碳农业的辩证关系,剖析粮食安全战略下生态低碳农业发展面临的问题与挑战,并针对性提出发展战略与推进路径。研究发现,在“大食物观”“大产业观”“大农业观”指导下,生态低碳农业涉及全食物品类、全产业流程、全生活环节。粮食安全是发展生态低碳农业的底线要求,生态低碳农业是可持续保障粮食安全的应有之义。当前,发展生态低碳农业面临自然资源约束、科学技术瓶颈、小农生产模式、居民观念局限等现实困难,亟需探索水地资源拓展、技术创新应用、居民素质提升等有效路径,推动生态低碳农业实现“藏粮于地”“藏粮于技”“藏粮于民”。     

二氯喹啉酸降解菌嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性

二氯喹啉酸被广泛用于稻田除草,其残留易对后茬作物烟草的生长造成危害。本课题组前期从福建烟区植烟土壤中分离获得的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia菌株J03对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害具有较好修复作用。为明确该菌株生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性,本研究测定了J03菌株对烟草和水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,同时测定了环境因子温度和酸碱度对J03菌株生长的影响。结果表明:经J03菌株处理的烟草和水稻种子,发芽率分别大于80%和95%,与空白对照无显著差异。J03菌株处理的烟苗株高、叶片数和地上部鲜重分别为2.82 cm、6.4片和6.08 g,均显著高于空白对照,其他生长参数与对照无显著差异;J03菌株处理的水稻幼苗的株高和叶面积与空白对照相比均无显著差异。J03菌株在4~40℃内均可生长,但最适生长温度为30~37℃;在pH值为5.0~9.0的LB培养基中均可生长,但最适生长pH值为6.0~8.0。综合研究表明,嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03对烟草和水稻生长安全,且其在田间的适合度较高。     

天山高寒草原植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征对氮沉降的响应

人类活动和气候变化导致的大气氮沉降急剧升高,将会影响高寒草原植物养分循环。为了研究氮沉降对高寒草原植物养分含量及生态化学计量学特征的影响。依托2009年在新疆天山巴音布鲁克高寒草原设置的长期氮沉降研究平台,于2017年7月和10月采集溚草（Koeleria cristata）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）和天山赖草（Leymus tianschanicus）3种植物的成熟叶和老叶,分析3种植物叶片N、P元素生态化学计量对不同施氮水平的响应规律。结果表明：① 3种植物养分浓度及其化学计量比在成熟叶和老叶之间存在较大差异,成熟叶和老叶的N、P含量分别为12.78 mg·g^-1、0.88 mg·g^-1和6.88 mg·g^-1、0.46 mg·g-1mg·g^-1。3种植物成熟叶和老叶的N元素含量均为：二裂委陵菜>天山赖草>溚草,P元素含量同N元素含量趋势一致;② 氮添加增加了成熟叶和老叶N浓度,分别达12%和48%;成熟叶与老叶P浓度对氮添加的响应规律不一致,成熟叶P浓度对氮添加的响应与物种有关,而老叶P浓度呈一致的下降趋势;氮添加对成熟叶和老叶N∶P的比值影响亦不同,其中相对于成熟叶,老叶的N∶P呈显著增加趋势。③ 植物叶片的N元素、P元素和N∶P比三者之间的相关分析表明:N元素和N∶P之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),在生长旺盛期和枯黄期,溚草和天山赖草的N与P元素之间没有发现显著相关性(P>0.05),而二裂委陵菜呈现一定的差异性,在生长旺盛期二裂委陵菜叶片N与P元素呈显著的正相关、枯黄期呈显著的负相关(P<0.05)。表明长期氮的添加显著影响了3种植物叶片的养分含量和生态化学计量,不同物种间存在一定差异,未来氮沉降升高将会影响天山山地草原的植物养分循环。     

押金返还制度在农药包装废弃物回收中的应用

农药包装物随意丢弃会造成农村环境污染。近年来,多地探索运用多种手段加强对农药包装废弃物的回收,其中,押金返还制度在农药包装废物的回收中有一定应用。本文以广西藤县为例,探讨押金制度对农药包装废弃物回收的适用性,提出押金制度在实际应用中存在的一些问题和几点建议。     

基于NIR定量模型快速预测发酵麸皮中还原糖和可溶性蛋白成分的含量

为建立一种能快速预测发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的定量分析模型,本研究以发酵麦麸为样本,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS）和BCA蛋白浓度测定法分别测定样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量;利用近红外光谱技术（Near infrared spectrum instrument, NIR）结合偏最小二乘法（Partial least squares regression, PLS）,比较预处理方法、最佳波长及主成分因子的决定系数R²,建立发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的NIR快速检测定量模型。结果表明：1）发酵麦麸还原性糖定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为7时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.904 8,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为1.576 1,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为3.240 8;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.954 9且还原糖活性成分的验证集样本的测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.959 5>0.05。2）发酵麦麸可溶性蛋白定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为10时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.938 2,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为2.003,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为4.021 9;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.994 4,且可溶性蛋白活性成分的验证集样本测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.901 9>0.05。综上,建立的NIR光谱定量模型稳定性和准确性较好,且预测准确度良好,可用于快速预测发酵麦麸样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.