外源多酚添加条件下干红葡萄酒颜色和花色苷特性研究

颜色是红葡萄酒重要的感官特征和质量评价指标,花色苷是红葡萄酒呈色、稳定和营养功能的重要物质基础。既往研究极少探讨外源添加天然色素对红葡萄酒颜色质量和花色苷的影响。选取赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为研究对象,于酒精发酵前和发酵后分别添加天然色素Ⅰ和天然色素Ⅱ2种色素,并以添加黄岑苷、绿原酸和没食子酸3种多酚为对照,探究对葡萄酒颜色特征、花色苷种类与含量的影响。结果发现：在发酵前添加天然色素Ⅰ和Ⅱ使得酒体颜色加深、红色色调加强、花色苷含量增加。在发酵后添加以上多酚对葡萄酒颜色和花色苷的影响弱于发酵前添加,但添加天然色素Ⅰ仍然有利于花色苷含量的保持,只是效果弱于发酵前添加。其余多酚物质处理对供试酒样颜色品质影响较小。研究结果表明发酵前添加多酚物质更有利于红葡萄酒颜色品质的提升和稳定、花色苷含量的保持和稳定,天然色素Ⅰ是相对最优质的辅色剂。     

广东省6月玉米、豆粕、进口鱼粉价格分析

参考广州兆华金丰农牧实业有限公司提供的“广东省6月份部分鸡、鸭、猪、鱼价格分析”报告（表1）对比,广东5月份鸡价明显上升,达到盈利状态;鸭价、猪价平稳,处于盈、亏之间;鱼价略跌。6月份鸡价、鸭价将会稳中有涨;猪价仍以平稳为主：根据罗非鱼、四大家鱼的存塘量和市场销售情况来看。鱼价将可能继续下调。     

甘肃不同地区油松针叶氨基酸成分分析研究

油松（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr．）是近年来引入干旱地区的主要造林树种,目前甘肃省已建立万亩油松苗育基地,进行大面积示范推广,主要分布于陇东、陇南、天水等地区。油松的饲用价值和药用价值是针叶,针叶富含多种营养成分,可制成松针精油、松针软膏、松针粉、抗癌扶正冲剂、松针饮料等产品,特别是以石油醚脱脂后的松针用乙醇提取混合氨基酸,作为饲料添加剂,可以促进动物生长,增强抗病能力。但其地域不同,营养成分含量也不尽相同。     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

Association of a missense mutation in the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene （LHCGR） with superovulation traits in Chinese Holstein heifers

Background: Upon binding luteinizing hormone in the ovary, the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is necessary for follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as luteal function. We detected mutations in the LHCGR gene and evaluated their association with superovulation. Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing, we examined polymorphisms in LHCGR and the genotypes associated with superovulation traits in 127 Chinese Holstein heifers. Results: A G/T polymorphism (ss52050737) in exon 11 was significantly associated with the total number of ova and the number of transferable embryos. Conclusions: LHCGR may be a new predictor for superovulation in Chinese Holstein heifers.     

种鸡人工授精技术要点

正常精液为乳白色浓稠液体。如果精液呈现黄色，则混有粪便；如果呈粉红色，则混有血液；如果有乳白色的棉絮状物，则含有尿酸盐。这些异常的精液都会严重影响种蛋的受精率，应当弃用。     

氨基葡萄糖调控仔猪初生重和均匀度的应用及机理

养猪生产中产（活）仔数和胎儿初生重是影响母猪繁殖生产效率的主要因素,但产仔数和初生重呈负相关关系,近年来母猪繁殖生产的研究重点之一便是如何提高仔猪初生重并降低初生重变异。氨基葡萄糖是一种饲料原料,其制作原料广泛存在于自然界中,近期研究发现氨基葡萄糖应用于母猪妊娠后期可调控仔猪的胎盘发育和初生重。文章介绍了近年来有关氨基酸和蛋白质、能量、功能性添加剂在调控仔猪初生重和均匀度中的应用及其效果,简述了氨基葡萄糖的性质、来源及合成方法,重点阐述了母猪妊娠后期使用氨基葡萄糖在维持胎儿果糖浓度稳定、促进母猪胎盘发育和改善胎盘功能等方面的效果,分析了氨基葡萄糖通过促进胎盘基质和胎褶双分子层发育、刺激胎盘滋养层细胞增殖、增强胎盘功能等途径调控胎盘发育、仔猪初生重和均匀度可能的机理;提出了氨基葡萄糖在调控仔猪初生重和均匀度方面未来的研究方向,以期为在生产实践中调控仔猪初生重和均匀度提供理论参考和实践依据。     

Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰品质

运用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。以不同发育期的苦水玫瑰为研究对象,测定总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性,采用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。结果发现抗氧化IC50、总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖4个指标成分的复合权重分别为0.294 1、0.152 3、0.158 8、0.394 8;幼蕾期、花蕾期、盛开期苦水玫瑰质量综合评分分别为54.362 0、38.451 9、33.801 9,即幼蕾期苦水玫瑰的质量最好,花蕾期次之,盛开期较差。说明通过化学成分和生物活性作用综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质,幼蕾期苦水玫瑰品质最好。     

番茄品种耐弱光性的综合评价

研究了苗期弱光条件对幼苗素质，开花，果实大小及产量的影响，采用模糊数学的隶属法对品种的耐弱光性进行评价，并探讨了番茄耐弱光性状的鉴定方法，结果表明，苗期弱光对幼苗素质影响最大，其次影响开花，果实大小和产量，春雷２号和春雷１号属于耐弱光惭弱的品种，白果强丰属不耐弱光品种。