外源多酚添加条件下干红葡萄酒颜色和花色苷特性研究

颜色是红葡萄酒重要的感官特征和质量评价指标,花色苷是红葡萄酒呈色、稳定和营养功能的重要物质基础。既往研究极少探讨外源添加天然色素对红葡萄酒颜色质量和花色苷的影响。选取赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为研究对象,于酒精发酵前和发酵后分别添加天然色素Ⅰ和天然色素Ⅱ2种色素,并以添加黄岑苷、绿原酸和没食子酸3种多酚为对照,探究对葡萄酒颜色特征、花色苷种类与含量的影响。结果发现：在发酵前添加天然色素Ⅰ和Ⅱ使得酒体颜色加深、红色色调加强、花色苷含量增加。在发酵后添加以上多酚对葡萄酒颜色和花色苷的影响弱于发酵前添加,但添加天然色素Ⅰ仍然有利于花色苷含量的保持,只是效果弱于发酵前添加。其余多酚物质处理对供试酒样颜色品质影响较小。研究结果表明发酵前添加多酚物质更有利于红葡萄酒颜色品质的提升和稳定、花色苷含量的保持和稳定,天然色素Ⅰ是相对最优质的辅色剂。     

陕北黄土区小檗属植物资源调查与播种育苗试验

经调查,陕北黄土区小哭属(Berberis)植物资源有6种,蕴藏量3000担左右。可分为抗旱、中生和湿生3种生态类型。播种育苗试验,种子沙藏处理比热水浸种和干播,平均出苗率分别提高9%和15%,平均提前5天、10天。     

PKS-NRPS数据库的研究进展

非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)和聚酮合成酶(PKS)是调控次级代谢物聚酮类物质和非核糖体多肽合成的关键酶。随着生物息学的快速发展,国外的NRPS-PKS数据库和预测软件不断推出。本文对几个重要NRPS和PKS领域的数据库与预测软件的研究做一综述     

Theoretical and Empirical Relationships Between Oat Test Weight and Groat Proportion

Test weight and groat proportion are two very important quality characteristics of oat grain. In this study, we pose the hypothesis that these two characteristics are related through characteristics of grain density. Test weight is defined as the product of kernel density and packing proportion. Groat proportion, in theory, is the ratio of the groat mass to the kernel mass. We present two theoretical constructions expressing test weight in terms of groat proportion, packing proportion and kernel density components. To test these, we have applied measurements of test weight, groat proportion, kernel density components, and packing proportion of 18 oat cultivars grown at six environments. Whereas the groat proportion alone accounted for only 34% of the variation in test weight, our theoretical constructions that included groat proportion could account for ≤82% of variation in test weight. Also, we present previously undescribed variation in oat kernel density components across genotypes and environments. Although the kernel density alone could account for most of the variation in test weight across genotypes, packing proportion appeared to be more important in describing variation in test weight of a genotype across different environments. We observed significant variation in both groat and hull density which, together with groat proportion, described most of the variation in kernel density.     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

浅谈钢铁生产与环境保护

随着我国经济的高速发展,钢铁产能大幅度增长,随之带来是环境保护及生产成本问题.一个好的企业既要有拳头产品又要不断进行企业的升级改造,降低企业生产对环境的污染,加大企业循环再利用的投入,使钢铁生产日趋完善,达到企业生产健康发展的良性循环轨道上.     

Association of a missense mutation in the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene （LHCGR） with superovulation traits in Chinese Holstein heifers

Background: Upon binding luteinizing hormone in the ovary, the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is necessary for follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as luteal function. We detected mutations in the LHCGR gene and evaluated their association with superovulation. Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing, we examined polymorphisms in LHCGR and the genotypes associated with superovulation traits in 127 Chinese Holstein heifers. Results: A G/T polymorphism (ss52050737) in exon 11 was significantly associated with the total number of ova and the number of transferable embryos. Conclusions: LHCGR may be a new predictor for superovulation in Chinese Holstein heifers.     

不同来源微粒子孢子间血清学关系的比较研究

应用玻片凝集法和酶标抗体法比较了几种不同来源微粒子孢子间的血清学关系，包括本所保存的家蚕微粒子孢子（ＢｍＮ．ｂ），从安徽绩溪和江苏东台的饲养蚕中收集到的微粒子孢子和从四川收集到的蓝叶虫（ｐｈｙｌｌｏｂｒｏｔｉａｃａｒｍａｔａＢａｌｙ）微粒子孢子。结果表明，绩溪、东台微粒子孢子与ＢｍＮ．ｂ之间具有相同的血清学关系，而蓝叶虫微粒子孢子与ＢｍＮ．ｂ之间无血清学关系。