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91.
Classification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from chigee and mare milk collected in Inner Mongolia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One hundred and seventeen isolates from chigee and 191 isolates from mare milk collected in Inner Mongolia were classified into six and 10 groups, respectively, based on the protein profiles obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). A dendrogram on the basis of the molecular sizes of the protein bands was drawn and the similarity among the groups ranged from 96% to 44%. Representative isolates from all groups were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Furthermore, the results of carbohydrate fermentation tests of all groups were compared with those obtained by 16S rDNA sequencing and SDS‐PAGE analyzes. The isolates from chigee consisted of mainly Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum, Lb. pentosus and Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis ssp. cremoris were isolated at the rates of 48, 33 and 19%, respectively. The isolates from mare milk consisted of coccus, namely, Leuconostoc (Leuc.) mesenteroides, Leuc. pseudomesenteroides, Lc. garvieae, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis, Streptococcus (Sc.) parauberis and Enterococcus (Ec.) faecium. The isolation rates were 45, 19, 7, 8, 16 and 6%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the species isolated from chigee were different from those in mare milk. 相似文献
92.
93.
Eri UCHIDA-FUJII Yuta KINOSHITA Hidekazu NIWA Tatsuya MAEDA Toshio NUKADA Takanori UENO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1907
Mycoplasma species are often isolated from horses with respiratory symptoms; however, the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma is still unclear. In autumn of 2018, we encountered an increase in cases with respiratory symptoms, mainly coughing, in a group of Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. We examined tracheal wash samples obtained from 40 of those cases. Bacteria and viruses that commonly cause respiratory symptoms were investigated, and anaerobes were detected in only 5 cases and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) was detected in only 1 case of 40 cases with loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. S. zooepidemicus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated at a bacterial count of higher than 1.0 × 104 CFU/ml from 5 and 2 cases of 28 cases cultured, respectively. None of the viruses investigated was detected in 40 cases. Mycoplasma equirhinis (M. equirhinis) was isolated from 40.0% (16/40) of the cases, which was higher than previously reported isolation rates. The rate of M. equirhinis isolation in the cases from 2018 was significantly higher than the isolation rates in the other horses: clinical cases with respiratory symptoms in 2019–2020 (13.6%, 3/22) and healthy horses (13.5%, 5/37) in Japan. In this study, the isolation rate of M. equirhinis from horse group with cough symptoms in 2018 was high and no other common etiological agents were detected. The pathogenesis of M. equirhinis is still unclear, however, M. equirhinis might have been associated with respiratory symptoms in the Thoroughbred horse cases in 2018. 相似文献
94.
Yasuko Mizoguchi Akira Miyata Yoshikazu Ohtani Ryuichi Hirata Satoko Yuta 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(1):1-9
Aggregating and sharing the metadata of flux observation sites results in a strong collaboration among various fields of study.
Such data sharing will also be a part of the future design of a tower flux observation network in Asia. The aim of this review
is to comprehend the state of tower flux observation sites in Asia. There are 109 tower flux observation sites in Asia including
51 forest sites. There are more new sites under construction in Asia than in America and Europe. These sites range from the
taiga in Siberia to the rainforest in Southeast Asia, and from the equatorial to polar Koeppen climate zones. There are many
highly humid areas in Asia, not only at low latitudes but also at middle latitudes. This climate condition has developed unique
vegetation such as lucidophyllous (evergreen broadleaf) forest, which is distributed in warm areas with high precipitation
in the growing season. However, there are only a few observations taking place in lucidophyllous forest. Rice paddy fields
are also unique land cover in Asia. It is important to accumulate long-term data for rice fields with their management records,
because plant activity depends highly on both climate conditions and land-use management. Flux data, especially net ecosystem
exchange and related elements, are used for widespread studies not only within the flux-research community but also in other
fields of study, for example remote sensing. At present, however, both the quantity and quality of the data are not sufficient
for these studies. Regarding the quantity, there are many recently established sites that have not published data yet; regarding
quality, flux data include uncertainties caused by methodological problems. Flux researchers are required not only to obtain
flux data but also to improve their quality. Meanwhile, data users must understand there are still uncertainties in flux data.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
95.
Tetsuji Itoh Yoshikazu Sato Tsutomu Mano Ryûtarô Iwata 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(2):117-122
We examined 24 microsatellite markers to
select those most suitable for individual identification
and parentage tests of brown bears
(Ursus arctos)
based on statistical parameters and experimental error
using liver samples (38 issues) from nuisance bears killed
in the Akan–Shiranuka Region, eastern Hokkaido, Japan from
1996 to 2006. We found seven microsatellite markers suitable
for identifying individuals (G1A, G10B, G10L, UarMU5, UarMU23,
UarMU50, and UarMU51; probability of identity
P
id = 3.17
× 10−7; probability of identity of
sibs P
id-sib
= 2.23 × 10−3), 12 microsatellite
markers suitable for parentage testing when one parent is
known [G1A, G1D, G10B, G10L, G10P, UarMU5, UarMU23, UarMU50, UarMU51,
UarMU59, UarMU61, and UarMU64; probability of excluding one parent
(PE I = 0.9991)], and 15 microsatellite markers for parentage
testing when neither parents are known [three markers added to
the above: G10M, G10X, and UarMU9;
probability of excluding both parents (PE II = 0.9869)]. 相似文献
96.
Masahiko Nishimura Tomonori Shimakita Takuhiro Matsuzaki Yoshikazu Tashiro Kazuhiro Kogure 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):405-410
ABSTRACT: The Bioplorer (BP) (Matsushita Ecology Systems Co. Ltd, Kasugai, Aichi-ken, Japan) is an apparatus that consists of a light-emitting diode and optical and image analysis systems. This instrument has been developed and used for the semi-automatic counting of total microbes, mainly in food, cosmetics and industrial products. In this study, the applicability of BP to the detection and enumeration of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, after the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure, was examined. The cells of a yeast ( Candida albicans ) and a bacterium ( Escherichia coli ) were specifically labeled using an oligonucleotide probe with fluorochrome and then counterstained with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The numbers of cells after FISH treatment and DAPI staining agreed well, indicating that the BP optical device and image analysis system had enough sensitivity to detect and quantify eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Because of its simplicity and reliability, BP can be a new tool for quantification of specifically labeled target microorganisms, both in industrial products and natural samples. 相似文献
97.
ATSUSHI KAWABATA AKIHIKO YATSU YASUHIRO UENO SATOSHI SUYAMA YUTAKA KURITA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(2):113-124
The spatial distribution of Todarodes pacificus in and near the Kuroshio/Oyashio Transition Zone during its northward migration was examined by comparative surveys using two types of mid‐water trawl net and supplementary squid jigging from June to July 2000. The vertical and horizontal distribution patterns varied for different body sizes in relation to the oceanographic structure. Todarodes pacificus of 1–20 cm dorsal mantle length (ML) were widely distributed from the coastal waters of Japan to near 162°E longitude, probably due to transport by the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Todarodes pacificus smaller than 10 cm ML were mainly distributed in temperate surface layers at sea surface temperatures (SSTs) >15°C near the KE meander probably because of their poor tolerance to lower temperatures and limited swimming ability. Squid of 10–15 cm ML were distributed in the offshore waters of 10–15°C SST and in the coastal waters of northern Honshu, and underwent diel vertical migrations between the sea surface at night and deeper layers during the daytime. Squid larger than 15 cm ML were distributed in the coastal feeding grounds of northern Honshu and Hokkaido until they began their southward spawning migration. They also underwent diel vertical migrations, but remained deeper at night than the squid of 10–15 cm ML; this migration pattern closely matched that of their main prey such as euphausiids. We concluded that as T. pacificus grow, they shift their distribution range from the temperate surface layer around the KE toward the colder deeper layers, above 5°C, in the Oyashio and coastal areas. 相似文献
98.
A possible function of Nik-related kinase in the labyrinth layer of delayed delivery mouse placentas
Hiroshi YOMOGITA Hikaru ITO Kento HASHIMOTO Akihiko KUDO Toshiaki FUKUSHIMA Tsutomu ENDO Yoshikazu HIRATE Yoshihiro AKIMOTO Masayuki KOMADA Yoshiakira KANAI Naoyuki MIYASAKA Masami KANAI-AZUMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2023,69(1):32
In mice and humans, Nik-related protein kinase (Nrk) is an X-linked gene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase belonging to GCK group 4. Nrk knockout (Nrk KO) mice exhibit delayed delivery, possibly due to defective communication between the Nrk KO conceptus and its mother. However, the mechanism of delayed labor remains largely unknown. Here, we found that in pregnant mothers with the Nrk KO conceptus, the serum progesterone (P4) and placental lactogen (PL-2) concentrations in late pregnancy were higher than those in the wild type. Moreover, we demonstrated that Nrk is expressed in trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and syncytiotrophoblast-2 (SynT-2) in the labyrinth layer of the mouse placenta. In the human placenta, NRK is also expressed in Syn-T in villi. Both human Syn-T and mouse TGCs of the labyrinth layer are present within fetal tissues that are in direct contact with the maternal blood. The labyrinth layer of the Nrk KO conceptus was gigantic, with enlarged cytoplasm and Golgi bodies in the TGCs. To investigate the function of Nrk in the labyrinth layer, a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed. The DEG analysis revealed that labor-promoting factors, such as prostaglandins, were decreased, and pregnancy-maintaining factors, such as the prolactin family and P4 receptor, were increased. These findings suggest that the Nrk KO mice exhibit delayed delivery owing to high P4 concentrations caused by the hypersecretion of pregnancy-maintaining factors, such as PL-2, from the placenta. 相似文献
99.
Aya Goto Jiro Sonoda Yuki Seki Yoshikazu Taketa Etsuko Ohta Kyoko Nakano Akira Inomata Kazuhiro Hayakawa Toyohiko Aoki Kazuo Tsukidate Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):229-232
Maxillary gingivae from male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats at 12, 16, 21, and 34 weeks of
age were examined histologically. The incidence of gingivitis was approximately 40%, with
no age or sex predilection, and was most frequent between the first and second molar.
Lesions were characterized by acute focal neutrophilic infiltration into the gingival
mucosa, occasionally with inflammatory exudate. In severe cases, inflammation extended to
the periodontal ligament with abscess formation, and adjacent alveolar bone
destruction/resorption. The most characteristic finding was the presence of hair shafts
associated with the lesion, which was observed in approximately 80% of the rats with
gingivitis. These findings suggest that molar gingivitis occurs in rats from an early age
and persists thereafter, and that the main cause of gingivitis in rats is hair penetration
into the gingiva. It would be prudent to keep these background lesions in mind as
potential modifiers in toxicity studies. 相似文献
100.
Yukie Tada Norio Yano Hiroshi Takahashi Katsuhiro Yuzawa Hiroshi Ando Yoshikazu Kubo Akemichi Nagasawa Akio Ogata Dai Nakae 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(4):233-239
Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to
nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug
delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high
catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is
limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray
instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male
and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray
instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After
14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung
weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher
than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black
patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in
the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing
magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet
cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite
causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary
responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung
weight. 相似文献