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排序方式: 共有326条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Immunomodulatory activity of two bovine leukaemia virus envelope (BLVEnv) derived peptides were examined in BALB/c mice. One is peptide homologous to CKS-17 which is known as a 17-amino acid peptide derived from p15E of feline leukaemia virus (CKS-17/BLV), and the other is an 18-amino acid synthetic peptide of BLV Env 61-78 (pep61). Priming with CKS-17/BLV in vitro, as well as CKS-17, significantly suppressed the mitogen-induced proliferative responses of spleen cells in naive BALB/c mice. In addition, priming of spleen cells with pep61 in vitro and in vivo resulted in suppression of lipopolysaccaride-induced B-cell proliferative response. This suppression was partially due to the basic amino acid sequence in the peptide because if the pep61-derived peptide lacking Arg was used, this inhibitory activity was partially restored. In contrast, pep61 enhanced both concanavalin A-stimulated proliferative response and IL-2 production. These findings showed that pep61 may contribute to the modification of the host immune responses in the course of BLV infection. 相似文献
12.
13.
Motobu M El-Abasy M Na KJ Vainio O Toivanen P Hirota Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):35-42
It has been suggested that the sympathetic nervous system communicates with lymphocytes expressing cell surface receptors for neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), on the basis of the finding that neurotransmitters modify immune responses in mammalian species. We confirmed that chicken lymphocytes in the brusa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen expressed beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 10 and that intracellular cAMP level was elevated by NE, suggesting that lymphocytes express functional beta-AR on their surface at an early embryonal stage. To clarify whether the nervous system is involved in the development of the immune system, the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), one of sympathectomizing agents, on chicken lymphocytes was investigated. A single injection of 6-OHDA at a dose of 400 microg into a chicken embryo was carried out at E7 or 14 (as referred to E7 group and E14 group, respectively). NE level and the relative proportion of Bu-1a(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the spleen of 3-week-old chickens were not altered by 6-OHDA treatment. However, the proliferative responses and expression of IL-2 mRNA in spleen cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen were reduced in E7 group compared with those of control. Furthermore, in CD8(+) spleen cells of E14 group of 3-week-old chickens, the expression of beta-AR mRNA and the relative increase of intracellular cAMP stimulated with NE were significantly decreased. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system affects the development of the immune system. 相似文献
14.
Detection of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in the chicken 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Motobu M El-Abasy M Na KJ Hirota Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(4):377-379
3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation assay has been generally used to measure lymphocyte proliferation in the chicken. Disadvantages of this assay are that radioisotope is biological hazard to the person and environment and that it can not measure which subset of lymphocytes proliferates. In this study, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay by flow cytometry was compared with 3H-TdR incorporation assay. As a result, BrdU incorporation assay showed a strong correlation with 3H-TdR incorporation assay, and it could be applied simultaneously to detect BrdU incorporation and expression of cell surface marker antigens. These results suggest that the BrdU incorporation assay by flow cytometry is useful to analyze lymphocyte proliferation in detail. 相似文献
15.
Dielectric properties in three main directions for hinoki wood (Chamaecyparis obtusa) specimens conditioned at various levels of relative humidity were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 MHz over
the temperature range from −150°C to 20°C. Three relaxations were observed in the specimens conditioned at high levels of
relative humidity. The relaxation in the highest frequency range was ascribed to the motions of adsorbed water molecules.
The relaxation in the middle frequency range remained unchanged by the ethanol–benzene extraction of specimens. The relaxation
location was independent of measuring directions. The relaxation in the lowest frequency range was not detected in the specimens
impregnated with methyl methacrylate (MMA). This result suggested that the relaxation was due to electrode polarization. The
Cole-Cole circular arc law applied well to two relaxations recognized in the specimens impregnated with MMA. The relaxation
magnitude in the middle frequency range was extremely large, and the distribution of relaxation times was very narrow. These
characteristics suggested relaxation of the Maxwell-Wagner type resulting from the interfacial polarization in the heterogeneous
structure, which included adsorbed water with large electrical conductivity within the insulating cell walls. 相似文献
16.
Li CP Ibrahim HR Sugimoto Y Hatta H Aoki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(18):5752-5758
Egg white protein (EWP) was phosphorylated by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate at pH 3.0-7.0 and 85 degrees C for 1 and 5 days, and the functional properties of the phosphorylated EWP (PP-EWP) were investigated. The phosphorylation was accelerated with a decrease of pH from 7.0 to 3.0 and for heating times from 1 to 5 days. The phosphorus content of EWP increased approximately 1.05% by dry-heating at pH 4.0 and 85 degrees C for 5 days in the presence of pyrophosphate, which was higher than that of casein. The electrophoretic mobility of EWP increased with an increase in the phosphorylation level. The surface hydrophobicity of EWP increased by phosphorylation. The heat stability, emulsifying properties, and digestibility of EWP were improved by phosphorylation. The calcium phosphate-solubilizing ability of EWP was enhanced by phosphorylation. A firmer and transparent heat-induced gel of PP-EWP was obtained, and the water-holding capacity of heat-induced PP-EWP gel was higher that that of the control. These results suggest that phosphorylation by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate is a useful method for improving the functional properties of EWP. 相似文献
17.
18.
Li CP Salvador AS Ibrahim HR Sugimoto Y Aoki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(23):6808-6815
Food proteins were phosphorylated by heating in a dry state in the presence of phosphate. When casein, whey protein isolate (WPI), and egg white proteins (EWP), which were lyophilized from their solutions in a phosphate buffer, were dry-heated at various temperatures and pH levels for 1-5 days, EWP was more highly phosphorylated than casein and WPI. Phosphorylation of EWP was promoted with a decrease of pH from 7.0 to 3.0 when the incubation temperature was raised from 55 to 100 degrees C. The phosphorus content of EWP increased from 0.08 to 0.64% by dry-heating at pH 3.0 and 85 degrees C for 5 days in the presence of phosphate. The electrophoretic mobility of EWP increased with an increase in the phosphorylation level. The heat-induced polymerization of EWP by dry-heating was not affected by the presence of phosphate. Although the solubility of EWP decreased by dry-heating at pH 3.0-5.5, the phosphorylation depressed the insolubilization at low pH. The phosphate bonds in phosphorylated EWP (P-EWP) were stable at pH 2.0-10.0 and were more acid-labile and base-stable than phosphoesters of egg riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP). (31)P NMR spectral data suggested that besides phosphoesters, phosphodiester and polyphosphate bonds were introduced in P-EWP. Heat stability of EWP was improved, and calcium phosphate-solubilizing ability of EWP was enhanced by phosphorylation. 相似文献
19.
Riparian forests greatly influence aquatic ecosystems by providing shade cover, which controls water temperature and limits
primary production. We examined the relationship between forest cover and summer stream temperature in northernmost Japan.
Heat budget and statistical analyses were employed and the results were compared. Heat budget analysis revealed that the water
temperature would decrease almost linearly from 29°C to 25°C with an increase in forested reaches along a 3.2 km stretch of
the river. Multiple regression analysis by the stepwise method chose only open channel length as a variable to explain the
variation in maximum stream temperature. A sharp increase in stream temperature was noted when riparian forest cover was removed
in short lengths, of up to 1.0km; this increasing trend gradually flattened as the length of open stretch increased. Thus,
even small openings in the riparian canopy resulted in drastic rises in summer stream temperature. The maximum summer temperatures
estimated by the two methods were coincided, and can therefore be accurately estimated by regression analysis. Retrospective
analysis based on the regression equation showed that the maximum summer temperature in 1947 was 6°C lower than at present,
and that a sharp increase occurred from 1947 to 1960, a period of rapid expansion of agricultural land development in the
watershed. 相似文献
20.
The fatigue behavior of plywood specimens under shear through thickness was examined on the basis of strain energy to obtain
common empirical equations for the fatigue process and failure criterion under various loading conditions. Specimens were
cut from commercial plywood panels of 9-mm thickness. Loading conditions were set as follows: a square waveform at a loading
frequency of 0.5 Hz, a triangular waveform at 0.5 Hz, and a triangular waveform at 5.0 Hz. Peak stress applied was determined
to be 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 of static strength, that is, stress levels of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. The stress-strain relationships were
measured throughout the fatigue test, and the strain energy was obtained at each loading cycle. Loading conditions apparently
affected the relationship between stress level and fatigue life. On the other hand, the relationship between mean strain energy
per cycle and fatigue life was found to be independent of loading conditions. Mean strain energy per cycle obtained as the
fatigue limit was 5.85 kJ/m3 per cycle. Assuming that the accumulation of strain energy is a fatigue indicator, the fatigue process and failure criterion
for the plywood specimens under the three loading conditions were commonly expressed by the relationship between cumulative
strain energy and loading cycles. 相似文献