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排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Application of microparticle diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qiurong WANG Toshio TAKEUCHI Tetsuya HIROTA Shuzo ISHIDA Hiroshi MIYAKAWA Hirotoshi HAYASAWA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):611-619
ABSTRACT: A feeding trial was conducted with two newly developed microparticle diets (MD-Q and MD-V), which differed in the mixing ratios of two types of casein hydrolysates (C700 and C800) as the protein source. The ratio of C700 and C800 were adjusted to 7:3 in MD-Q and 6:4 in MD-V, respectively. Japanese flounder larvae were fed from 7 days after hatching (d.a.h.) to 32 d.a.h. on live food (LF), MD solely, MD + 1/3 LF (either of the MD and one-third quantity of the live food) and 1/3 LF (one-third quantity of live food alone), respectively. They were then switched to Kyowa diet B from 33 d.a.h. until 40 d.a.h. The larvae fed on MD-Q exclusively had a higher survival rate (36.4%) than those fed on MD-V (24.2%) by 22 d.a.h. Unfed larvae could survive up to only 12 d.a.h. Larvae fed on MD-Q + 1/3 LF also had a significantly higher survival rate (34.2%) than those on MD-V + 1/3 LF (16.3%) and 1/3 LF solely (15.4%) at 32 d.a.h. These results suggest the potential of MD-Q as a part replacement for LF from the early developmental stage in the seed production of Japanese flounder. 相似文献
82.
AKIHIKO YATSU TOMOWO WATANABE MINORU ISHIDA HIROYA SUGISAKI LARRY D. JACOBSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(4):263-278
We compared a wide range of environmental data with measures of recruitment and stock production for Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus to examine factors potentially responsible for fishery regimes (periods of high or low recruitment and productivity). Environmental factors fall into two groups based on principal component analyses. The first principal component group was determined by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index and was dominated by variables associated with the Southern Oscillation Index and Kuroshio Sverdrup transport. The second was led by the Arctic Oscillation and dominated by variables associated with Kuroshio geostrophic transport. Instantaneous surplus production rates (ISPR) and log recruitment residuals (LNRR) changed within several years of environmental regime shifts and then stabilized due, we hypothesize, to rapid changes in carrying capacity and relaxation of density dependent effects. Like ISPR, LNRR appears more useful than fluctuation in commercial catch data for identifying the onset of fishery regime shifts. The extended Ricker models indicate spawning stock biomass and sea surface temperatures (SST) affect recruitment of sardine while spawning stock biomass, SST and sardine biomass affect recruitment of chub mackerel. Environmental conditions were favorable for sardine during 1969–87 and unfavorable during 1951–67 and after 1988. There were apparent shifts from favorable to unfavorable conditions for chub mackerel during 1976–77 and 1985–88, and from unfavorable to favorable during 1969–70 and 1988–92. Environmental effects on recruitment and surplus production are important but fishing effects are also influential. For example, chub mackerel may have shifted into a new favorable fishery regime in 1992 if fishing mortality had been lower. We suggest that managers consider to shift fishing effort in response to the changing stock productivity, and protect strong year classes by which we may detect new favorable regimes. 相似文献
83.
Vertical movement patterns of five chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during homing migration were examined using archival tags. The standard deviation of the depth and ambient and body cavity temperatures during daytime were larger than those during night‐time. Vertical movements through the thermocline with a periodicity of less than 1 h were observed during daytime in addition to the diel vertical movement patterns in the open ocean. During these periods of frequent short‐term vertical movements, the difference between the body cavity temperature and ambient temperature was large while the variance of the body cavity temperature was less than that of the ambient temperature. From the results of a random simulation, the variation of the body cavity temperature was shown to decrease due to these periodic high frequency movements in comparison with random vertical movements. The whole‐body heat‐transfer coefficient k (s?1), which was estimated by a heat budget model, was 1.48 × 10?3. The k of chum salmon was larger than that of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) by about one order of magnitude for the cooling of the body. The k of chum salmon did not change like tuna, which are physiologically adapted to conserve body cavity temperature. This indicates that the regulation of body cavity temperature by chum salmon is dependent on the vertical movements only. The maintenance of the body cavity temperature is concluded to be advantageous for their maturation and growth from the relationship between energy input and output during their homing migration. 相似文献
84.
Maoka T Akimoto N Tsushima M Komemushi S Mezaki T Iwase F Takahashi Y Sameshima N Mori M Sakagami Y 《Marine drugs》2011,9(8):1419-1427
Carotenoids of the corals Acropora japonica, A. secale, and A. hyacinthus, the tridacnid clam Tridacna squamosa, the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, and the small sea snail Drupella fragum were investigated. The corals and the tridacnid clam are filter feeders and are associated with symbiotic zooxanthellae. Peridinin and pyrrhoxanthin, which originated from symbiotic zooxanthellae, were found to be major carotenoids in corals and the tridacnid clam. The crown-of-thorns starfish and the sea snail D. fragum are carnivorous and mainly feed on corals. Peridinin-3-acyl esters were major carotenoids in the sea snail D. fragum. On the other hand, ketocarotenoids such as 7,8-didehydroastaxanthin and astaxanthin were major carotenoids in the crown-of-thorns starfish. Carotenoids found in these marine animals closely reflected not only their metabolism but also their food chains. 相似文献
85.
Yoshikazu Taketa Akira Inomata Jiro Sonoda Kazuhiro Hayakawa Kyoko Nakano-Ito Etsuko Ohta Yuki Seki Aya Goto Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(4):419-422
Malakoplakia is a rare form of chronic granulomatous inflammation in mammals, and usually affects the urinary tract in humans. In this report, we present a case of granulomatous nephritis consistent with malakoplakia in a 4-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Gross examination showed that the kidney was markedly enlarged and adhered to the surrounding organs. Histology showed that there was diffuse interstitial infiltration of histiocytes with abundant foamy eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling von Hansemann cells, PAS-positive granular cytoplasm and occasional PAS- and iron-positive intracellular small inclusion bodies. Electron microscopy showed that these histiocytes contained abundant lysosomes and phagolysosomes but no obvious Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of granulomatous nephritis consistent with early malakoplakia was made. This is the first report in a monkey of a renal lesion consistent with malakoplakia. 相似文献
86.
Hideki KINOSHITA Shun IMOTO Yoshihito SUDA Mitsuharu ISHIDA Masamichi WATANABE Yasushi KAWAI Haruki KITAZAWA Koh MIURA Akira HORII Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):150-158
Adhesion tests are complex, time‐consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P < 0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine. 相似文献
87.
ABSTRACT: The feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes FIP, which is incurable and fatal in cats. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. FK506 (an immunosuppressor of the pathway that binds cellular FK506-binding protein (FKBP) but not CyP) did not affect FIPV replication. Neither cell growth nor viability changed in the presence of either CsA or FK506, and these factors did not affect the NF-AT pathway in fcwf-4 cells. Therefore, CsA does not seem to exert inhibitory effects via the NF-AT pathway. In conclusion, CsA inhibited FIPV replication in vitro and further studies are needed to verify the practical value of CsA as an anti-FIPV treatment in vivo. 相似文献
88.
89.
Takashi YOSHIDA Yoshihiko SAKO Aritsune UCHIDA Tomonori KAKUTANI Osamu ARAKAWA Tamao NOGUCHI Yuzaburo ISHIDA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):634-642
ABSTRACT: A novel sulfotransferase (O-ST), which transferred the sulfate group of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to O-22 of 11-α,β-hydroxy saxitoxin (STX) and produced GTX2 + 3, was purified to homogeneity from the cytosolic fraction of clonal-axenic vegetative cells of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum GC21V. After four purification steps, including affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, the enzyme was purified 500-fold and the yield was 4%. On affinity chromatography with a PAP-agarose column, O-ST was observed in the bound fraction, and N-ST specific to N-21 of STX and GTX2 + 3 was found in the unbound fraction. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be 65 kDa. Gel filtration chromatography showed a native molecular mass of 67 kDa, indicating that O-ST is a monomeric enzyme. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 35°C. O-ST did not require metal cations for its activity. O-ST required PAPS as the sole source of sulfate. O-ST transferred a sulfate group from PAPS to only O-22 of 11-α,β-hydroxy STX and not to N-21 of these toxins. These observations suggested that two ST, N-ST and O-ST, participate in the sulfation of PSP toxins. 相似文献
90.
For 79 isolates from the tonsils of healthy cattle identified as Erysipelothrix by cultivation, biochemical and serological tests, genotypic identification was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using four species-specific sets of oligonucleotide primers (ER1F-ER1R, ER2F-ER2R, ER3F-ER3R and ER4F-ER4R). The results of PCR for 79 bovine isolates were compared with those of serological typing. For 19 isolates, serotyping and genotyping results were the same. PCR allowed for the identification of 36 untypable isolates as Erysipelothrix species, strain 1. Serotyping and genotyping results of the remaining 24 isolates were different. Supplemental tests are frequently needed for Erysipelothrix identification. 相似文献