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31.
Mwangi DM Honda Y Graham SP Pelle R Taracha EL Gachanja J Nyanjui JK Bray J Palmer GH Brown WC Mwangi W 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):244-251
Theileria parva antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are prime vaccine candidates against East Coast fever in cattle. A strategy for enhancing induction of parasite-specific T cell responses by increasing recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) at the immunization site by administration of bovine Flt3L and GM-CSF prior to inoculation with DNA vaccine constructs and MVA boost was evaluated. Analysis of immune responses showed induction of significant T. parva-specific proliferation, and IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in immunized cattle. However, antigen-specific CTLs were not detected. Following lethal challenge, 5/12 immunized cattle survived by day 21, whereas all the negative controls had to be euthanized due to severe disease, indicating a protective effect of the vaccine (p<0.05). The study demonstrated the potential of this technology to elicit significant MHC class II and class I restricted IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to defined vaccine candidate antigens in a natural host, but also underscores the need to improve strategies for eliciting protective CTL responses. 相似文献
32.
Koji Wada Yasutaka Tsumori Yoshikazu Nitawaki Kazuhiko Egashira 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):313-322
Flocculation tests and permeability measurements were carried out for silt and clay fractions separated from surface and subsurface horizons of four paddy soils. There was not much difference in the flocculating power between A1(OH)2.2C10.8 and CaSO4. Their flocculation value, 0.3 to 3 mM, was attained by adding the reagents at the rate of 0.24 to 2.4 mmol/100 g of the silt and clay. The flocculation with A1(OH)2.2C10.8 or CaSO4 did not affect the sediment volume of the silt and clay. This sediment volume was smaller for the surface than for the subsurface horizons of each soil, suggesting that soil organic matter and repetition of wetting and drying contribute to the stable aggregation of the silt and clay in the surface horizon. The permeability was higher for the silt and clay fractions separated from the surface horizon than that from the subsurface horizon, and the addition of 2.5 to 4.2 mmol of A1(OH)2.2C10.8 or CaSO4/100g of the silt and clay increased its permeability by 1.5 to 4 times. The effect of A1(OH)2.2C10.8 was more lasting than that of CaSO4 and was recognized even after 200 ml of water passed through 1 g of the silt and clay. The effect of the flocculating reagent on the permeability was more or less enhanced by air-drying the treated silt and clay. 相似文献
33.
Mari ISHIDA Chiho KANEKO Takao IRIE Yoshino MARUYAMA Asami TOKUDA Ayako YOSHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):454
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus. 相似文献
34.
Yoshikazu Takaya Kazutake Kyuma Keizaburo Kawaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):209-223
In order to characterize the rice cultivation in the Mediterranean countries, climate and physiography of rice growing areas in Italy, Spain, and Portugal were studied. In northern Italy rice is extensively cultivated on terraces and fluvial plains of the Po and its tributaries, making use of the supply of water from Alpine glaciers in addition to the relatively abundant rainfalls of the area. In the Iberian peninsula summer climate is so dry that rice is cultivable only where the ratio of catchment area to rice land area is sufficiently large, thus rice lands are practically limited to the floodplains and deltas of the big rivers, such as the Sado and the Tejo in Portugal and the Guadalquivir and the Ebro in Spain. In order to characterize the rice cultivation in the Mediterranean countries, climate and physiography of rice growing areas in Italy, Spain, and Portugal were studied. In northern Italy rice is extensively cultivated on terraces and fluvial plains of the Po and its tributaries, making use of the supply of water from Alpine glaciers in addition to the relatively abundant rainfalls of the area. In the Iberian peninsula summer climate is so dry that rice is cultivable only where the ratio of catchment area to rice land area is sufficiently large, thus rice lands are practically limited to the floodplains and deltas of the big rivers, such as the Sado and the Tejo in Portugal and the Guadalquivir and the Ebro in Spain. 相似文献
35.
Yoshikazu TAKETA Yasuhiro NAGAI Hideki OGASAWARA Shinichiro HAYASHI Masato MIYAKE Sachi TANAKA Kouichi WATANABE Shyuichi OHWADA Hisashi ASO Takahiro YAMAGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):382-390
Myostatin (MSTN), known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin binds with high affinity to the receptor serine threonine kinase activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). Activins that also belong to the TGF-β superfamily, stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone production in gonadotrophs and suppress growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone production in somatotrophs and corticotrophs, respectively. The aim of the present paper was therefore to clarify the endocrine action of MSTN in adenohypophysis. The present study details the expression and cellular localization of MSTN and ActRIIB in porcine anterior pituitary gland. The mRNA of MSTN and ActRIIB was consistently expressed in RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry of MSTN and specific hormones showed that MSTN localized in thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs, in which most of the MSTN immunoreactive cells were identified as thyrotrophs. The immunostaining of ActRIIB was restricted to corticotrophs. These results indicate that MSTN was mainly produced in thyrotrophs and its receptor, ActRIIB, was restrictively contained in corticotrophs. Interestingly, thyrotrophs immunoreactive for MSTN were frequently close to corticotrophs immunoreactive for ActRIIB. The present study suggests that MSTN from thyrotrophs may regulate corticotroph function as a paracrine mediator among the porcine anterior pituitary cells. 相似文献
36.
Software development for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in the skeletal muscles of cattle from blood samples
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Tomokazu Fukuda Masahiro Hiji Yasushi Kino Yasuyuki Abe Hideaki Yamashiro Jin Kobayashi Yoshinaka Shimizu Atsushi Takahashi Toshihiko Suzuki Mirei Chiba Kazuya Inoue Yoshikazu Kuwahara Motoko Morimoto Masafumi Katayama Kenichiro Donai Hisashi Shinoda Tsutomu Sekine Manabu Fukumoto Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(6):842-847
The 2011 earthquake severely damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), resulting in the release of large quantities of radioactive material into the environment. The deposition of these radionuclides in rice straw as livestock feed led to the circulation of contaminated beef in the market. Based on the safety concern of the consumers, a reliable method for estimating concentrations of radioactive cesium in muscle tissue is needed. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of radioactive cesium in the blood and skeletal muscle of 88 cattle, and detected a linear correlation between them. We then developed software that can be used to estimate radioactive cesium concentrations in muscle tissue from blood samples. Distribution of this software to the livestock production field would allow us to easily identify high‐risk cattle, which would be beyond the safety regulation, before shipping out to the market. This software is planned to be released as freeware. This software would contribute to food safety, and aid the recovery of the livestock industry from the damage creacted by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. 相似文献
37.
38.
Akiko Nagasaka Yu Nagasaka Kinuko Ito Tsutomu Mano Masami Yamanaka Atushi Katayama Yoshikazu Sato Andrey L. Grankin Andrey I. Zdorikov Gennady A. Boronov 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):377-382
We examined the relationship between the annual escapement of salmon and the δ
15N of willow (Salix spp.) leaves to evaluate the contribution of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riparian vegetation around the Pacific Northwest
and Northeast regions. Foliar δ
15N values ranged from −3.42‰ to 4.65‰. The value increased with increasing density of carcasses up to 500 fish/km and 1500
fish/km. δ
15N values were variable at carcass densities below 500 fish/km. Possible factors affecting the fluctuation of δ
15N at reference sites are: (1) denitrification; (2) the presence of N2-fixing trees, such as alder; and (3) agricultural runoff. δ
15N values at the sites with carcass densities over 500 fish/km were consistently high, while a value of δ
15N below zero was observed at only one site (Rusha River; δ
15N = −1.87‰). At this site, most adult pink salmon returned to limited locations near the estuary because steeper channel gradients
acted as a migration barrier, resulting in the negative δ
15N value. Nevertheless, we concluded that our results showed evidence of the feedback of MDN to terrestrial vegetation, although
the use of the δ
15N value as a terrestrial end member at spawning sites is limited. If the relationship between the enrichment index, which
is expressed as the values using a mixing model, and salmon abundance was estimated, the availability of MDN in riparian ecosystems
could possibly be evaluated and will lead to the establishment of escapement goals.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
39.
Asano T Adachi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(6):555-560
Griseoviridin, a known antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, was found to be active against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae--the bacterium causing swine dysentery. An in vitro synergism is observed when it is used in combination with viridogrisein--a simultaneously produced antibiotic. In mouse experiments, the effect of griseoviridin alone was less than that of lincomycin--a commercially available swine dysentery medication. However, a 1:1 mixture of griseoviridin and viridogrisein revealed a noticeable synergistic effect. In an evaluation using pigs artificially infected with B. hyodysenteriae, a large difference was not observed between the effect of griseoviridin alone and that in combination with viridogrisein. Nevertheless, griseoviridin alone exhibited a therapeutic effect superior to that of lincomycin. 相似文献
40.
Watanabe D Hirano T Sugimoto Y Ogata Y Abe S Ando T Ohtsuka H Kunieda T Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1251-1255
Blood examinations and genotyping of Factor XI (F11) were performed in growth retardation Japanese Black cattle and their dams. Genotyping of F11 revealed that the recessive homozygous and heterozygous genotype frequencies were 5.2% and 50.0% in the Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency group (n=58), 0% and 14.2% in the renal dysplasia group (n=7), 0% and 26.1% in the non-CL-16 deficiency nephritis group (n=23), 8.9% and 46.7% in the hypogenesis syndrome group (n=45), 6.2% and 25.0% in the neonatal weak calf syndrome group (n=32), 9.1% and 38.6% in the respective dams group (n=44), 0% and 23.1% in the normal cattle group (n=13), and 5.9% and 38.2% in total (n=222), respectively. These results showed that the carrier rate of F11 deficiency was high in Japanese Black cattle, and that the CL-16 deficiency, hypogenesis syndrome, neonatal weak calf syndrome, and dams groups had a large amount of recessive homozygous genotype than the other groups. No abnormal bleeding was observed clinically in the present study, and 4 of the recessive homozygous dams showed normal growth and parturition. 相似文献