几种新型木本切花在昆明的引种试种试验初报

定期观测所引进的银叶树（Leucadendron）、风轮花(Leucospermum)和风蜡花(Chamelaucium)各个品种的株高并记录物候、病虫害发生情况及越冬表现。结果表明：银叶树7月份生长量最大,11月停止,“旅途落日”比“纯金”早开始生长,且年生长量大于后者;风轮花的生长量在7—8月是高峰,平均每月长高5cm,但年生长量较小;风蜡花全年都在生长,7—8月是“粉色骄傲”的生长高峰,平均每月增高约20cm,“紫色骄傲”没有显著的生长高峰期。银叶树的抗病虫害能力和抗寒性较强,几个风轮花品种在抗病性及抗寒性方面的表现各不相同,风蜡花的抗寒性较强,“粉色骄傲”抗根茎部病害的能力强于“紫色骄傲”。     

不同砧木嫁接对西瓜抗病性及主要经济性状的影响

将引进的日本强势葫芦、勇士野生西瓜等7个西瓜嫁接砧木分别与本地主栽的西瓜品种早佳84-24进行嫁接试验。通过对嫁接亲和力,嫁接苗的抗枯萎病能力、产量和品质等主要性状的考查分析,结果表明以日本强势葫芦作砧木的嫁接苗综合性状表现最佳。     

SNP Markers Discovery in Soybean with Use of Degenerate Oligolucleotide Primed PCR

There are several strategies that can be applied in SNP discovery, as for example the locus-specific amplification of target genome regions （Primmer et al., 2002; Van et al., 2004） or simultaneous assembly of anonymous sequences which are the product of whole genome shotgun sequencing （Webber and Myers, 1997） or reduced representation shotgun sequencing （Altshuler et al., 2000）. The majority of these methods are highly cost-prohibitive, however, and there is a necessity for development of new strategies that would be more suitable for small and medium-scale laboratories.     

甘蓝型油菜杂交种混播制种效应

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性无蜡粉遗传标记杂交组合对混播制种效应进行了研究。2002、2003、2004和2007共4个年度的研究结果表明,混播制种比行播制种产量年度平均高18．7％,杂种率高5．1％,纯杂种产量高20．1％。混播制种的增效主要得益于父本植株在田间均衡的分布和良好的个体发育。混播制种法在油菜遗传标记杂种、抗除草剂杂种、掺合杂种等方向上具有潜在应用价值。     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.     

基于鼹鼠多趾结构特征的仿生切土刀片设计与试验

为降低土壤耕作阻力,分析了鼹鼠前肢手掌的多趾组合结构特征,得到鼹鼠多趾组合结构是一种多窄齿组合结构,且相邻齿间间距可调整,最终确定了多趾组合结构的数学模型。基于该模型,设计了具有仿生结构特征的切土刀片。通过土槽试验,采用四因素三水平的二次正交回归试验方法,分析仿生结构元素m和n、土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响,得到土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响更显著,最优仿生结构元素m为5、n为1.75。通过比较传统和仿生刀片在切土倾角10°~90°和土壤含水率10%~30%下的水平阻力,得到仿生几何结构对刀片切土的临界倾角无显著影响,但土壤含水率对其有显著影响：当土壤含水率为10%和20%时,临界倾角均为30°左右;当土壤含水率为30%时,临界倾角均在40°~50°之间。然而,仿生几何结构对刀片所受的水平阻力有显著影响,在相同的土壤含水率下,仿生刀片的水平阻力总小于传统刀片的水平阻力：当土壤含水率为10%、20%、30%时,仿生刀片的水平阻力分别减小11.48%~39.16%、17.81%~28.00%和11.19%~33.26%。此外,水平阻力的变化与土壤内聚力具有极大的相关性,研究表明土壤含水率为10%~20%时,仿生刀片具有更好的切土性能。     

Isolation and characteristics of eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic.     

Effects of AMF inoculation on growth of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings and on soil structures in mycorrhizosphere

We aimed to investigate the effects of inoculating Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by examining the root colonization, plant nutrition uptake, growth characteristics, and soil aggregation of P. ginseng seedlings inoculated at the time of transplantation. At 16 weeks, the AMF spore density per 30 g of fresh mycorrhizosphere in seedlings inoculated with AMF (AMF+ seedlings) was 256.8 and that in seedlings not inoculated with AMF (AMF− seedlings) was 186.3, respectively. The colonization rate of AMF in the lateral roots of AMF+ seedlings was approximately 19% higher than that in the lateral roots of AMF− seedlings. The patterns of AMF colonization in ginseng roots were similar to those of the Paris-type mycorrhizal association. Plant growth characteristics, such as plant height, root length, leaf area, number of lateral roots, fresh weight of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content, were significantly enhanced in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. The macronutrient content (P, K, and Ca) and micronutrient content (Cu, Fe, and Zn) of both shoots and roots were also significantly higher in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. Furthermore, glomalin content and soil aggregation were significantly enhanced in AMF inoculated areas. Our results indicate that AMF inoculation may enhance the growth of ginseng seedlings by improving the uptake of mineral nutrients and the soil structure in mycorrhizosphere.     

Effects of post-harvest foliar boron and calcium applications on subsequent season's pollen germination and pollen tube growth of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar boron and calcium application after harvest on the quantity and activity of pollen in the ‘Housui’ and ‘Wonwhang’ pears on a subsequent year. Pollen grains of the ‘Housui’ pear were cultured on germination medium, to which had been added boric acid (0, 25, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹) and calcium nitrate (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹). Boric acid, which was added to the germination media, exerted a significant stimulatory effect on both pollen germination and pollen tube growth, although pollen tube growth was inhibited at higher concentrations than 300 mg L⁻¹. Calcium nitrate addition stimulated pollen germination, except at concentration of 500 mg L⁻¹. However, pollen tube growth was significantly inhibited with increasing concentrations of calcium nitrate. In the orchard experiment, boron and calcium were sprayed at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 mg L⁻¹ onto leaves after harvest, respectively. Boron and calcium content in the tissues as well as pollen production and growth were determined after these treatments. The foliar application of boron mainly resulted in an increase of boron concentration in buds. It also induced an increase in the weight of the anther and pollen in the following year. On the other hand, the foliar application of calcium resulted in an increase of calcium concentration mainly in the leaves, but pollen weight was decreased at high concentration treatment in the following year. The germination rate and tube growth of collected pollen were highest in the trees which had received boron treatment at a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹. In contrast, the germination rate and tube growth of collected pollen were decreased by calcium application at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L⁻¹ without significant increase at lower concentrations. Consequently, the accumulation of boron in the developed buds of pear trees subjected to post-harvest foliar boron application generated positive effects on both the quantity and quality of pollen in the following year.     

Effects of ethylene,abscisic acid and auxin on fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.)

Fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) was investigated by measuring fruit removal force (FRF) affected by fruit ages and plant hormones. FRF decreased rapidly 30 days after anthesis (DAA). Ethylene evolution increased rapidly at 35 DAA and ABA concentration increased gradually after 20 DAA. ACC and ethephon decreased the FRF of fruit explants and the promoting effect of ACC was delayed by silver thiosulphate and cycloheximide, but not by norbornadiene and actinomycin D. ABA enhanced fruit abscission without increasing ethylene evolution. However, the observation that CoCl₂ delayed abscission induced by ABA indicates possible involvement of ethylene in the ABA effect. Treatment with NAA, fenoprop and IAA had no effect on 30 DAA fruit explants, but IAA delayed abscission of 25 DAA explants. This suggests that the effect of auxins may differ with fruit age when used as control agents.