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排序方式: 共有96条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Junko SUZUKI Yohei NISHIO Yuki KAMEO Yutaka TERADA Ryusei KUWATA Hiroshi SHIMODA Kazuo SUZUKI Ken MAEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1457-1463
In 2007–2008, a canine distemper virus (CDV) epidemic occurred among wild animals in
Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and many mammals, including the wild boar and deer, were
infected. In this study, CDV prevalence among wild animals was surveyed before and after
the epidemic. At first, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish
peroxidase-conjugated protein A/G was established to detect CDV antibodies in many
mammalian species. This established ELISA was available for testing dogs, raccoons and
raccoon dogs as well as virus-neutralization test. Next, a serological survey of wild
mammalians was conducted, and it was indicated that many wild mammalians, particularly
raccoons, were infected with CDV during the epidemic, but few were infected before and
after the epidemic. On the other hand, many raccoon dogs died during the epidemic, but CDV
remained prevalent in the remaining population, and a small epidemic occurred in raccoon
dogs in 2012–2013. These results indicated that the epidemic of 2007–2008 may have been
intensified by transmission to raccoons. 相似文献
32.
Yohei Koide Daisuke Fujita Analiza G. Tagle Kazuhiro Sasaki Tsutomu Ishimaru Yoshimichi Fukuta Nobuya Kobayashi 《Euphytica》2013,192(1):97-106
Total spikelet number per panicle (TSN) is thought to be one of the most important agronomic traits associated with grain production in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We previously reported the development of 334 introgression lines (ILs) with variations in agronomic traits in the genetic background of indica rice variety IR64. Among these, an IL derived from high-yielding rice variety Hoshiaoba showed significantly higher TSN than IR64. We therefore have conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for TSN in an F2 population of IL × IR64 to ascertain the genetic basis for the high TSN of the IL. The analysis revealed the presence of a QTL for TSN on chromosome 7, where several QTLs for grain number have been previously reported. We developed a near-isogenic line (NIL) for this QTL by using DNA marker-assisted selection and characterized its effect. The NIL showed significantly higher TSN than IR64. These results suggest that the QTL and the NIL will be useful materials in breeding programs aimed at increasing TSN. 相似文献
33.
Yohei Koide Juan Pariasca Tanaka Terry Rose Ayumi Fukuo Kunihiko Konisho Seiji Yanagihara Yoshimichi Fukuta Matthias Wissuwa 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):259-265
Phosphorous (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting factor in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The interspecific New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties combine general stress tolerance from African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) with characteristics associated with high yield from O. sativa. However, little is known about their ability to tolerate P deficiency. Here, we examined the variation for tolerance to P deficiency among the 18 upland NERICAs and their parents in multi‐year field experiments. The good performance under P deficiency of the O. glaberrima parent CG 14 and some NERICAs suggested that these tolerant NERICAs contain loci associated with P deficiency tolerance inherited from CG 14. Additionally, four QTL clusters for P deficiency tolerance were detected on chromosomes 4, 6 and 11 using F3 lines derived from the cross between the P deficiency tolerant variety NERICA10 and a Japonica‐type sensitive variety ‘Hitomebore’. These QTLs represent the first step in identifying stress tolerance genes from O. glaberrima that could subsequently be used to enhance P deficiency tolerance in O. sativa. 相似文献
34.
Takase Mai Yoneyama Yohei Murata Masataka Hibi Kyoko Ren Huifeng Endo Hideaki 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):691-698
We developed a wireless mediator-type biosensor system to rapidly monitor blood glucose concentrations in free-swimming fish.
Glucose oxidase was used to determine the glucose concentration, but fluctuations in the oxygen concentrations in the samples
affected the measurements. In this work, we used a mediator, a synthetic electron acceptor, as a substitute in the oxidation–reduction
reaction, thus ensuring that changes in the concentration of oxygen do not affect the measurements of glucose concentration
performed by the sensor. We especially focused on the use of ferrocene as a mediator. The resulting enzyme sensor utilized
a Pt–Ir wire (diameter 0.178 mm) as the working electrode and Ag/AgCl paste as the reference electrode. Chitosan was used
to fix ferrocene and glucose oxidase to the working electrode. The characteristics of the sensor were tested, and it was found
to be capable of measuring glucose independent of the oxygen concentration of the sample. Its reproducibility was also tested,
and the results showed that the sensor was suitable for performing measurements in vivo. The sensor was then inserted into
to eyeball interstitial sclera fluid in order to wirelessly monitor the glucose concentration in free-swimming fish. Measurements
were taken for a total of 48 h. During these measurements, artificial stress was applied to the fish. The glucose concentrations
of fish rise with their stress levels. The output current from the sensor gradually increased during the application of stress,
which hinted that the stress was monitored by this system. 相似文献
35.
David A Feary Morgan S Pratchett Micheal J Emslie Ashley M Fowler Will F Figueira Osmar J Luiz Yohei Nakamura David J Booth 《Fish and Fisheries》2014,15(4):593-615
Climate change is resulting in rapid poleward shifts in the geographical distribution of many tropical fish species, but it is equally apparent that some fishes are failing to exhibit expected shifts in their geographical distribution. There is still little understanding of the species‐specific traits that may constrain or promote successful establishment of populations in temperate regions. We review the factors likely to affect population establishment, including larval supply, settlement and post‐settlement processes. In addition, we conduct meta‐analyses on existing and new data to examine relationships between species‐specific traits and vagrancy. We show that tropical vagrant species are more likely to originate from high‐latitude populations, while at the demographic level, tropical fish species with large body size, high swimming ability, large size at settlement and pelagic spawning behaviour are more likely to show successful settlement into temperate habitats. We also show that both habitat and food limitation at settlement and within juvenile stages may constrain tropical vagrant communities to those species with medium to low reliance on coral resources. 相似文献
36.
Yamamoto Y Fukushima T Suna Y Ishii N Saeki A Seki S Tagawa S Taniguchi M Kawai T Aida T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1761-1764
Controlled self-assembly of a trinitrofluorenone-appended gemini-shaped amphiphilic hexabenzocoronene selectively formed nanotubes or microfibers with different photochemical properties. In these nanotubes, which are 16 nanometers in diameter and several micrometers long, a molecular layer of electron-accepting trinitrofluorenone laminates an electron-donating graphitic layer of pi-stacked hexabenzocoronene. The coaxial nanotubular structure allows photochemical generation of spatially separated charge carriers and a quick photoconductive response with a large on/off ratio greater than 10(4). In sharp contrast, the microfibers consist of a charge-transfer complex between the hexabenzocoronene and trinitrofluorenone parts and exhibit almost no photocurrent generation. 相似文献
37.
Takaaki Fujimoto Yohei Kurata Kazushige Matsumoto Satoru Tsuchikawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):452-459
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was applied to estimate multiple traits of sawn lumber.
The effects of the lumber conveying speed (LCS) and measurement resolution of spectra (MRS) on the calibrations were examined.
NIR spectra ranging from 1300 to 2300 nm were acquired at LCSs of 10, 20, and 30 m/min and at MRSs of 2, 4, and 16 nm. Prediction
models of bending strength (F
b), modulus of elasticity in bending tests (E
b), dynamic modulus of elasticity (E
fr), and wood density (DEN) were developed using partial least-squares (PLS) analysis. LCS and MRS did not significantly influence
the calibration performance for any wood property. The regression coefficients also showed no clear differences for any of
the conditions. This indicates that the important explanatory variables included in the models are not greatly influenced
by these measurement conditions. PLS2 analysis results, when presented graphically, allowed easy interpretation of the relationships
between wood mechanical properties and chemical components, e.g., bending strength and stiffness were mainly related to polysaccharides
cellulose and hemicellulose. NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for online grading of sawn lumber, despite the harsh
measurement conditions. 相似文献
38.
Toshinori Sako Akihiro Mori Peter Lee Hiroshi Goto Hiroko Fukuta Hitomi Oda Kaori Saeki Yohei Miki Yuki Makino Katsumi Ishioka Hisashi Mizutani Yuzo Kojima Satoshi Koikeda Toshiro Arai 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):161-172
Indigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to normalize blood glucose and insulin concentration thereby promoting good health and preventing diseases, such as diabetes. Transglucosidase (TG, α-glucosidase, enzyme code (EC) 3.2.1.20) is an enzyme capable of converting starch to oligosaccharides, such as iso-malto-oligosaccharides from maltose, via the action of amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oral administration of TG with maltose or dextrin is capable of reducing post-prandial serum glucose concentration in experimentally streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic dogs fed on a high-fiber diet. Five healthy and five STZ-induced diabetic dogs were employed in this study. TG supplementation with dextrin or maltose had no detrimental effect in healthy dogs. In fact, TG and dextrin exhibited a flatlined serum glucose pattern, while reducing mean post-prandial serum insulin and glucose concentration as compared to control diet alone. When TG supplementation was tested in STZ-induced diabetic dogs under the context of a high fiber diet, a 13.8% and 23.9% reduction in mean glucose concentration for TG with maltose and dextrin, respectively was observed. Moreover, TG with dextrin resulted in a 13% lower mean post-prandial glucose concentration than TG with maltose, suggesting that dextrin may be a more efficient substrate than maltose when used at the same concentration (1 g/kg). Our results indicate that TG supplementation with diet can lead to lower postprandial glucose levels versus diet alone. However, the efficacy of TG supplementation may depend on the type of diet it is supplemented with. As such, TG administration may be useful for preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus and in its management in dogs. 相似文献
39.
Kodama R Yang X Araki T Sato M Iwashige S Tanigawa Y Uchimura M Ishimaru K Sasaki Y Kamimura Y Maeda H 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(1):53-58
In a seven-year-old male cynomolgus monkey, erythema of the upper eyelid and forehead and corneal opacity, edema and conical protrusion in the eye were observed. At necropsy, ophthalmological and serological examinations revealed binocular corneal opacity and conical protrusion and a high IgE level, respectively. Thinning of the epithelium and stroma of the cornea were noted histopathologically. At the center of the corneal epithelium, the number of epithelial cells was reduced, their cytoplasm was poorer and the basal cells were flatter than at the periphery. Bowman's membrane was folded with partial loss or breakage. Collagen fibers were compacted or disarranged, and the keratocytes were increased in the stroma, with focal pyknosis or loss of the endothelium and folding of Descemet's membrane. Electron microscopical examination revealed atrophy of the corneal epithelial basal cells. This is the first report of a case of keratoconus in a cynomolgus monkey. 相似文献
40.
Since the 1990s, there is a growing concern over public participation in local environmental improvement efforts, known as
Machizukuri. One progressive practice at the time was the introduction of due process, by which the Machizukuri plan was formulated
based on public participation. In the arena of rural planning, some scholars expect that such an ordinance concerned with
land use control and democratic decision making will become an effective planning institution for those who deal with rural
planning. When we deal with participatory rural planning, we need to pay special attention to the role and the influence of
neighborhood associations (NAs) such as chonaikai, jicikai, and burakukai because these organizations have played very important
roles in the local administration as a vehicle of demands and concerns for residents. In this paper, authors, through a case
study, clarified promises and limits of the NA-based participation in which an NA plays a central role in the planning process.
While admitting that adaptation for local context and tradition is an essential part of designing an effective public participation
program, the authors contend that there are many risks associated with NA-based participation, such as the lack of communication
among residents and partial representation by elderly men. In order, for the NA-based participation, to be more successful,
we need to adopt the following measures: (1) young people and women are appointed as representatives, (2) representatives
are competent enough to handle planning issues and to represent their constituents, (3) if they are not competent, appropriate
measures are adopted to build their capacity or substitutes are sought, and (4) we need to monitor the planning process to
make sure that the representatives act as intermediaries between a planning body and its constituents. 相似文献