用PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型

建立了一种能特异性地扩增猪圆环病毒 型 (porcine circovirus type 2 ,PCV- 2 )核酸片段的 PCR方法 ,从疑似断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征 (PMWS)的感染病例的淋巴结和脾脏中扩增出了预期长度的 PCV- 2 DNA片段 ,用限制性内切酶 Eco R 酶切鉴定了 PCR产物的特异性。 PCR产物的核苷酸序列分析表明 ,与已报道的 PCV- 2 (Gen Bank Ac-cession num ber AF0 2 72 17)相关区域的核苷酸序列同源性均大于 96 %。首次证实了我国猪群中存在 PCV- 2感染的PMWS。     

脱毒油茶粕饲料在罗非鱼养殖中的应用研究

<正>目前,我国对油茶籽的利用基本上仅限于榨油,对榨油后剩余的茶籽饼粕利用还很不够,大多直接作清塘剂或肥料使用。经检测分析,油茶饼粕中富含茶     

胆酸负荷对妊娠后期绵羊母体和胎儿血浆IGF—2及其代谢物水平的影响

以绵羊及其胎儿为试验对象，研究了胆酸负荷对妊娠后期母体和胎儿血浆胰岛素样生长因子－2(in-sulin-like growth factor-2,IGF-2）及其代谢物水平的影响。将7只确知妊娠时间的绵羊分为试验组5只和对照组2只，试验前装置颈静脉瘘，在妊娠90h和104d2闪给试验组静脉灌注胆酸盐1．1mg/kg，给对照组静脉灌注等量生理盐水，妊娠120d时手术安装胎儿后肢胫前动脉血管瘘。每天采胎儿和母体的血样，分离血浆，测定血浆IGF－2和主要代谢物水平。同时测定胎儿出生时生长发育指标。结果表明：（1）试验组母羊IGF－2水平低于对照组，相反其胎儿IGF－2水平却高于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）试验组母羊的总蛋白和乳酸水平分别比对照组35．64％；（3）试验组胎儿出生重比对照组小29．00％，胎龄短7．50d。因此认为，胆酸重复灌注可引起妊娠绵羊早产和胎儿出生重降低，而这可能与IGF－2和主要代谢物水平变化有关。     

延边黄牛骨骼肌特异性钙蛋白酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状关系的研究

Calpain3(CAPN3)在肌肉组织中特异表达,其多态位点与畜禽诸多生产性状相关。本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法,设计2对基因特异性引物CAPN3-1、CAPN3-3,对96头延边黄牛CAPN3基因进行了SNPs检测,并将其与部分肉质性状进行了方差分析。试验结果显示,分别在CAPN3基因54982bp处发现A→G突变,56094bp处发现G→A突变。方差分析结果表明,2个位点中各个基因型与肉质嫩度、蒸煮损失均无显著相关性,CAPN3-3片段BB基因型仅在第3天时的pH显著高于AA纯合型个体(P0.05)。2个位点与肉质色度方差分析结果显示,2个位点中各个基因型黄色度呈显著相关(P0.05),与肉色中其他色度无相关性。CAPN3-1位点处,BB基因型较AA、AB基因型具有更高的黄色度值,此规律并不随时间的延续而改变,而在CAPN3-3位点处则无此规律。     

日粮钙水平对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响

为了探讨日粮钙水平对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响,本试验选用12头胎次、泌乳时间、泌乳量相近的水牛,随机分成4组,每组3头水牛。采用4×4拉丁方试验方法,4组水牛基础日粮中钙含量分别占基础日粮干物质的0.47%、0.62%、0.78%、0.93%,其他营养成分均相同,其中磷占采食干物质比例为0.50%;共4期试验,每一试验期21 d,其中预饲期7 d,正饲期14 d。试验结果表明:1、不同钙水平日粮对泌乳水牛的产奶性能影响不显著(P>0.05),但0.78%钙水平日粮组水牛的产奶量分别比其他3组提高5.4%、5.5%、3.9%,不同钙水平对水牛奶营养成分影响不显著(P>0.05)。2、不同钙水平日粮对水牛血浆中钙含量影响差异显著(P<0.05);随着日粮钙水平的上升,水牛血液甲状旁腺素和1,25二羟基维生素D呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。综合各指标,日粮钙占采食干物质的比例为0.78%能进一步提高泌乳水牛产奶量。     

Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio and resistant starch content affects plasma glucose,lactic acid,hormone levels and protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding different starch sources on piglets. Four diets were formulated with maize, brown rice, sticky rice and Hi‐Maize 1043 as starch sources, with resistant starch (RS) contents of 2.3%, 0.9%, 0.0%, 20.6%, and amylose and amylopectin ratio of 0.23%, 0.21%, 0.18%, 0.06% respectively. Fifty‐six pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of the four diets. In Exp. 1, six piglets in each group were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. After 25 days of feeding trial, venous blood samples were obtained at time zero and every 1 h for 4 h. In Exp. 2, the remaining piglets were used to determine the effects of different starch sources on the fractional synthesis rate (FSR). The results indicated that feeding the Hi‐Maize 1043 diet decreased (p < 0.05) plasma contents of glucose, insulin, lactic acid and T₃, while sticky rice increased plasma contents of glucose and insulin. The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 μIU/ml at 1 h post‐feeding which was highest among the starch diets. The FSR in the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in the corn group were much higher (p < 0.05) than that in the sticky rice group. These results suggest that RS is potentially beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity in young pigs and that the ratio of amylose and amylopectin have significantly effects on the FSR in splanchnic tissues in weaned piglets. Another finding of this study indicated maize with a ratio of amylose and amylopectin of 0.23 has the best starch sources for pig production.     

C型利钠肽及其受体在水牛卵泡中的表达分析

为了探明C型利钠肽（C-type natriuretic peptide,CNP）及其受体（natriuretic peptide receptor,NPR）在水牛卵泡中的表达模式,本研究首先采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测水牛卵巢中利钠肽家族主要成员A型、B型、C型利钠肽（ANP、BNP、CNP）及其Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型受体（NPR1、NPR2）的mRNA表达情况,然后利用免疫组化技术对水牛卵泡中CNP及NPR2蛋白进行定位,最后利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞中CNP及NPR2的mRNA表达规律。结果显示,水牛卵巢主要表达CNP及NPR2,且在各级卵泡中均有表达,其中,CNP主要在壁层颗粒细胞中表达,NPR2主要在卵丘细胞中表达;颗粒细胞上CNP mRNA表达水平显著高于卵母细胞周围的卵丘细胞（P<0.05）,而卵丘细胞上NPR2 mRNA表达水平显著高于颗粒细胞（P<0.05）。综上所述,在利钠肽主要家族成员和受体中,CNP和NPR2在水牛卵巢中呈现强表达,CNP主要在壁层颗粒细胞中表达,而NPR2主要在卵母细胞周围的卵丘细胞中表达。     

发酵床连续养殖对白羽肉鸡病毒感染状态影响的分析

发酵床连续养殖是环保,节能的养殖技术,但它是否对疫病控制有不良影响,则是需关注的另一方向。采集同一地区不同养殖方式的白羽肉鸡样品,采用斑点杂交技术和抗体检测技术检测,试验结果表明,两种养殖方式在马立克氏病病毒(MDV)、网状内皮细胞增生病病毒(REV)检测结果上没有差别;在禽贫血病病毒(CAV)检测上抗体差异明显:发酵床养殖阳性率为28%,普通网上养殖阳性率为86%;NDV HI抗体滴度差异极显著(P<0.01)。综合评价发酵床连续养殖可有效控制疫病的感染。     

“中国野生动物之乡”命名活动

野生动物是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,在促进人与自然和谐发展、维护生态平衡等方面发挥着重要作用。为了加强野生动物资源的保护,调动野生动物栖息地地区公众保护鸟类的积极性,提高公众野生动物保护的意识,促进人口、资源、环境和经济的协调发展,中国野生动物保护协会自2004年起在全国组织开展了“中国野生动物之乡”命名活动,受到了社会各界的广泛欢迎。截止2011年8月,中国野生动物保护协会共在全国23个省（区、市）命名了50个“中国野生动物之乡”。作为野生动物保护宣传的新模式,“中国野生动物之乡”对于加大提高公众的保护意识,树立地方的生态品牌,调动社会各界的保护积极性起到了促进作用。     

Whole‐genome analysis identifying candidate genes of altitude adaptive ecological thresholds in yak populations

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol of animal husbandry on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Long‐term domestication and natural selection have led to a wide distribution of yak, forming many ecological populations to adapt to the local ecological environment. High altitude is closely related to oxygen density, and it is an important environmental ecological factor for biological survival and livestock production. The aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis to identify the candidate genes of altitude distribution adapted ecological thresholds in yak using next‐generation sequence technology. A total of 15,762,829 SNPs were obtained from 29 yaks with high‐ and low‐altitude distribution by genome‐wide sequencing. According to the results of the selective sweep analysis with FST and ZHp, 21 candidate genes were identified. 14 genes (serine/threonine protein kinase TNNI3K, TEN1, DYM, ITPR1, ZC4H2, KNTC1, ADGRB3, CLYBL, TANGO6, ASCC3, KLHL3, PDE4D, DEPDC1B and AGBL4) were grouped into 32 Gene Ontology terms, and four genes (RPS6KA6, ITPR1, GNAO1 and PDE4D) annotated in 35 pathways, including seven environmental information processing and one environmental adaptation. Therefore, the novel candidate genes found in the current study do not only support new theories about high‐altitude adaptation, but also further explain the molecular mechanisms of altitude adaptation threshold in yaks.