杨树吸收富集矿山流域污染土壤重金属的研究

为探究杨树修复矿山流域重金属污染土壤的性能,选取安徽省铜陵市某矿山流域,对其中8个采样点内人工林美洲黑杨（Populus deltoides W. Bar-tram ex Marshall）和立地土壤进行取样,测定了土壤和杨树不同部位Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb和As的含量。参考农用地土地管控标准(GB15618—2018)可知,所有采样点土壤中Cd和Pb的含量均超过农用地风险筛选值;矿山和流域下游土壤中Cd、Pb和As的含量超过农用地土壤风险管控值,Zn和Cu的含量超过农用地风险筛选值。杨树在重金属不同污染程度上的立地土壤中均生长良好,表现出较强的耐受性。从8个样点重金属的平均富集系数（BCF）和转运系数（TF）来看,杨树对Cd的富集转运能力最强,平均BCF达到5.5,平均TF达到1.83,不同部位中树叶富集转运能力相对最强而树枝和树干最弱;对于其他重金属,除树叶Zn的平均BCF达到1.63外,杨树不同部位Pb、As、Zn和Cu的平均BCF均小于1,其中Pb和As的平均BCF均小于0.01,表现出极差的富集能力;杨树对Pb的平均TF小于1,对As、Zn和Cu的平均TF均大于1,在低富集能力水平下表现出较好的转运能力。因此,杨树可作为以Cd-Zn为主的重金属污染土壤的修复树种。     

黄土坡面细沟径流输沙过程试验研究

细沟侵蚀是黄土地区坡面最主要的侵蚀方式之一,输沙过程是细沟侵蚀中的重要环节,阐明细沟输沙过程对理解细沟侵蚀发生发展过程机理及治理坡面水土流失具有重要意义。该文采用具有定流量人工放水的组合小区模拟降雨试验,对黄土坡面细沟径流输沙过程进行研究,结果表明:(1)不同降雨强度及不同坡度下,细沟径流输沙率随径流过程的变化具有极大的相似性,都随径流历时的增加而逐步递增,可用幂函数方程很好地描述;(2)细沟径流输沙模数随降雨强度及坡度的增大皆相应增加,可分别用幂函数方程及指数方程很好地描述;(3)雨强及坡度的综合作用可用二元幂函数方程很好地描述,其中,二者的影响基本相当;(4)水流切应力是与细沟输沙动力学过程关系最密切的水动力学参数,细沟输沙动力学过程的发生发展根源于细沟水流剪切力的动力作用。     

冷却塔中新型混流式水轮机设计

通过数值模拟和试验两种方法,开发出一种新型高比转速混流式水轮机,配备相应变比的减速器,代替冷却塔中的风扇电动机,以达到节能的目的.根据冷却塔水轮机工作环境的特点,为尽量减小水轮机尺寸,在结构设计方面提出了金属梯形蜗壳和单列环形导叶.通过数值模拟,分析了不同的导叶形式、转速、叶片安放角对水轮机性能的影响.通过对比,选取负曲度导叶形式,选择最优单位转速及叶片安放角,确定最优性能的水轮机数模方案.通过物模试验证明所开发的高比转速混流式节能水轮机尺寸能够满足冷却塔要求,其效率高,性能稳定,可以在有条件的地方推广应用.     

云龙河三级水电站大坝下游消能区边坡稳定有限元分析

采用有限单元法研究云龙河三级水电站大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性的影响.以开挖的方式模拟泄洪冲刷坑,分析冲刷坑对两岸边坡应力状态、变形状态及稳定性的影响;模拟了两组优势节理,分别研究了岩块和两组节理的点安全度及屈服区分布;采用遗传算法搜索了可能最危险滑动面;阐述了评价大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性不利影响的方法.     

鸡源坦布苏病毒（SN01株）的分离与鉴定

采用SPF鸡胚与vero细胞传代接种法,从江苏某蛋鸡场临床表现为产蛋下降、卵泡萎缩、全身多器官出血为主要特征的发病鸡肝脏、卵巢病料组织中分离一株病毒。该分离毒不能凝集鸡和鹅红细胞, 并对乙醚、氯仿敏感;病毒核酸为RNA;PCR结果排除了分离毒为禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒;用坦布苏病毒特异引物扩增为阳性, 序列测定与分析结果显示分离毒与GenBank上登录和实验室保存的坦布苏病毒E基因序列同源性在99%以上。上述结果表明分离毒（SN01）可能是一种新的坦布苏病毒,属于黄病毒科坦布苏病毒属,暂称为鸡源坦布苏病毒。     

PEI/APP改性脲醛树脂制备阻燃胶合板及性能

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性剂处理聚磷酸铵(APP)制备得到APP@PEI阻燃体系,并将其加入到脲醛树脂(UF)中,制备阻燃胶合板.研究了APP@PEI对UF胶黏剂理化性能的影响,并进一步探讨其对胶合性能及阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:APP、PEI和APP@PEI对UF的黏度、pH和固化时间均有影响.当APP添加量为10...     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn gluten meal,pea protein isolate and their mixture in diet of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles: Effects on growth performance,feed utilization and haematological parameters

Corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein isolate (PPI) and their mixture (CPP, 1:1 ratio) were evaluated as fishmeal (FM) alternatives in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles (9.02 ± 0.12 g). A FM diet was designed as control, and other six diets had 20% and 40% FM protein replaced by CGM, PPI and CPP, respectively, with the supplementation of crystalline methionine, arginine and lysine. After the 8‐week feeding trial, significantly lower weight gain was found in fish fed the 40% CGM diet (p < .05), whereas other treatments had no statistical difference (p > .05). The values of feed efficiency ratio and feed intake, as well as proximate compositions of muscle and whole body, were not significantly influenced in all treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly influenced by protein source. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly higher content of essential amino acid in muscle than that of the 20% PPI diet. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly lower content of serum cholesterol than other treatments (p < .05). Elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity was found in fish fed the 40% plant protein diets. In conclusion, between 20% and 40% FM protein could be replaced by CGM, while about 40% FM protein derived from PPI and CPP could be applied in black sea bream.     

气升式光生物反应器培养微藻溶氧和pH值变化规律研究

为了解决在光生物反应器养殖微藻过程中,溶解氧和pH值2个培养工艺参数的控制问题,分别在80 L、350 L和900 L的3种规格气升式光生物反应器中培养湛江等鞭金藻(lsochrysis zhanjiangensis),高藻细胞浓度分别达到900×104,700×104,500×104cell/mL,测定其中溶氧和pH值的日变化。结果显示,在光照度4 000 lx以上时,湛江等鞭金藻光合作用强,表现为反应器中藻液溶氧较高,日最高溶氧分别可达17.91 mg/L、15.84 mg/L和12.7 mg/L。所测定的藻液日pH值均在7.00~9.16变化。     

杂交鲶(怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂)及其亲本肌肉营养成份分析

对怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂杂交F1代和亲本的肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪、水份、氨基酸及其脂肪酸中EPA、DHA含量进行了较全面的分析。结果表明：虽杂交鲶粗蛋白含量（17.28％）略高于亲本怀头鲶（16．78％）、鲶鱼（16．82％）,但粗脂肪含量高于亲本平均含量的4．3倍。EPA、DHA含量也明显超过亲本。3种鱼肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,杂交鲶肌肉中的THR、VAL、MET、IYS、TRY及有鲜味的ASP、GLU、ALA的含量也较突出。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.