膜下滴灌对水稻根系形态及生理性状的影响

为探明水稻在膜下滴灌灌溉方式下根系生长发生的变化,设置小区试验与传统淹灌进行对比,以粳稻品种“T-04”和“T-43”为材料,研究了膜下滴灌灌溉方式对水稻根系形态、根系氧化力和硝酸还原酶的影响.结果表明:土表下20 cm深度,膜下滴灌水稻的根系长度、表面积、体积和平均直径都高于传统淹灌,并且差异具有统计学意义.土表下40 cm,膜下滴灌对水稻根系形态影响不具有统计学意义;水稻根系氧化力都是呈先增大,后减小的趋势,水稻根系氧化力最大期因品种而异.分蘖期膜下滴灌对水稻根系氧化力的影响因品种而异,但在拔节孕穗期、齐穗期和乳熟期,膜下滴灌水稻根系氧化力高于传统淹灌,并且差异具有统计学意义,膜下滴灌水稻后期根系具有较强的抗衰老能力;膜下滴灌水稻根系硝酸还原酶活性高于传统淹灌,但在分蘖期和乳熟期的差异不具有统计学意义,在拔节孕穗期和齐穗期差异具有统计学意义.     

Cloning of a novel phytase from an anaerobic rumen bacterium,Mitsuokella jalaludinii,and its expression in Escherichia coli

The full length phytase gene of Mitsuokella jalaludinii was successfully cloned and was found to be 1 047 bp in length, with 348 amino acids, and was designated as PHY7 phytase gene. A comparison of the sequence of PHY7 phytase gene of M. jalaludinii with various microbial phytase gene sequences showed that it was not similar to those from other bacteria except Selenomonas ruminatium, thus suggesting that they may both express a new class of phytase. The PHY7 phytase gene was subsequently subcloned into bacterial expression vector, p ET32 a, for expression in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami. Expression of the recombinant phytase gene was optimised and characterised. The recombinant phytase was estimated to be approximately 55 k Da by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant phytase exhibited optimum activity at 55°C, p H 4.5 and showed good p H stability from p H 3.5 to 5.5(78% relative activity). Metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were found to exert significant stimulatory effect on the recombinant phytase activity while Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. The recombinant phytase showed moderate resistance to trypsin proteolysis, but susceptible to pepsin proteolysis. The results of the study showed that several characteristics of recombinant phytase were slightly different from the native enzyme. Unfavourable characteristics such as reduced p H stability and metal ion effects should be taken into consideration during feed enzyme formulation.     

Nutrient deficiency limits population development,yield formation,and nutrient uptake of direct sown winter oilseed rape

Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape (DOR) performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River (RYR) to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment (NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1) and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N>–P>–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.     

牵引式方捆捡拾车原理研究

介绍了一种牵引式方捆捡拾车,该捡拾车可一次完成草捆的捡拾、装载和码垛等多项工序,极大地提高了工作效率。阐述了牵引式方捆捡拾车的基本结构,并研究了液压系统、操作机构的工作原理,为以后草捆捡拾车的研制及改进提供技术支撑。      

Cry1Ba3蛋白对亚洲玉米螟杀虫活性测定及其与BBMVs的结合分析

提取并纯化Cry1Ba3蛋白截短片段,用饲喂人工饲料的方法对亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）初孵幼虫进行生物活性测定。结果显示,Cry1Ba3截短片段对亚洲玉米螟有良好的杀虫活性（LC50=5.29 μg/g,95%置信限为3.96～7.10 μg/g）。而纯化的Cry1Ac蛋白60 ku的活性片段对亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫的杀虫活性LC50为0.83 μg/g。提取亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫的BBMVs,用纯化的Cry1Ba3和Cry1Ac蛋白进行竞争结合试验,结果显示Cry1Ba3与Cry1Ac在亚洲玉米螟中肠的结合没有竞争作用,说明两种毒素在亚洲玉米螟BBMVs上可能存在不同的受体。     

射流水冷结构对离心泵性能影响的试验研究

与风冷系统对离心泵电动机进行散热相比,采用水冷系统能降低离心泵机组运行过程中电动机的噪声.为模拟水冷电动机冷却水的循环过程,设计了一种引射流装置,测试了去除电动机风扇前后离心泵机组在不同流量下噪声变化情况,研究了引射管径分别为6 mm和10 mm情况下离心泵的能量性能及空化特性.结果表明:相比较于风冷电动机,去除电动机风扇后泵机组随流量变化的系统噪声至少降低8.70 dB;引射管径为6 mm时能满足电动机的散热需要,对泵的性能和空化特性影响不大,并且在小流量工况下有改善泵驼峰的趋势;引射管径为10 mm时,泵的能量性能和空化特性变化较大,且在大流量工况下下降明显,这主要是由于引射管径太大,加大了泵的泄漏量,增加了其容积损失;引射管径为10 mm时,流量在0~15 m³/h范围内,泵扬程略有上升,关死点扬程提高了0.30 m.     

夏栎育苗技术研究——基于伊宁市古树名木的调查分析

以伊宁市古树名木调查为基础,分析伊宁市现存古树名木科属分布;从风景园林和生态学角度阐述夏栎在新疆北部的城乡绿化优势;最后结合育苗实验,提出在夏栎育苗方面的几点建议,供生产实践中大规格夏栎苗木培育及相关科学研究参考。