Comparative insights into influences of co-contamination by rare-earth elements and heavy metals on soil bacterial and fungal communities

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been listed as emerging pollutants, and REEs often occur together with heavy metals (HMs) in the environment. Large amounts of REEs...     

Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda

With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence, RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant pandas. We used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult pandas. By comparison with the giant panda genome, 75 963 SNP loci were labeled, 2426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 2029 new genes were discovered, among which 631 were functionally annotated. A cluster analysis of the DEGs showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway, ECM–receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway, and ribosome processing. The enrichment results showed that there were significant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth, which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas.     

棉花优良品种中棉所19高频体细胞胚胎发生细胞系筛选与植株再生

选用我国优良棉花品种中棉所19进行组织培养, 研究了该品种的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生能力。 中棉所19的体细胞胚胎发生有两种情况： 一是由外植体直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织和体细胞胚; 二是先诱导获得愈伤组织, 再经继代培养获得胚胎发生。 单独使用ZT可在早期诱导胚胎发生, 在该情况下, 对子叶的诱导能力最强, 胚根     

抛秧水稻生长发育与产量形成的生态生理机制——I．活棵立苗及其生态生理特点

针对抛秧持有的秧苗直立过程，以洗根手插为对照，研究了抛秧稻活棵立苗及其生理生态特点。结果表明，抛秧稻带土秧苗抛后，平躺小苗、中苗、大苗一般分别在2－5、5－6、7－10天内直立。在活棵立苗期间抛秧稻苗体内水分、养分及肖合等状况明显优于同质洗根手插苗。根、叶、蘖等生长在数量、质量上也优于同质洗根手插苗。抛秧稻缓苗恢复的先后顺序为发根、出叶速度加快，体内养分含有率及干物重的递增。秧苗素质、苗龄、带土状况、苗姿以及水、温等一些内外因素均对抛秧稻活棵立苗有不同程度的间接或直接影响。     

抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

为了制备抗猫杯状病毒的单克隆抗体,并对其基本生物学特性进行鉴定。分别采用饱和硫酸铵方法、差速离心、氯化铯密度梯度离心方法对猫杯状病毒(FCV)进行纯化,将纯化的猫杯状病毒作为抗原对BALB/c小鼠进行免疫,通过细胞融合和杂交瘤筛选技术建立抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤系,鉴定单克隆抗体的亚型。结果表明：本实验获得了2株稳定分泌特异性抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为D8、E5,其亚型均为IgM。获得的单克隆抗体与犬细小病毒(CPV)、猫细小病毒(FPV)、犬瘟热病毒(CDV)均无交叉反应。成功制备了抗猫杯状病毒单克隆抗体,为建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

设施滴灌条件下甜瓜茎流变化及其对环境因子的响应

设施甜瓜栽培已成为中国一个具有较大增长空间的重要产业。采用合理的灌溉方式和决策来提高甜瓜产量与品质显得尤为重要。为探明设施滴灌条件下甜瓜植株茎流速率变化规律及其影响因素,有效诊断植株水分指标,为制定灌溉策略提供理论依据,采用基于茎热平衡法的Dymaxax包裹式茎流计、小型自动气象站和TRIME-IPH土壤剖面水分测量仪等对温室内覆膜滴灌条件下甜瓜植株茎流速率变化及其周围环境影响因子进行长时间连续定点监测。研究结果表明：温室内甜瓜的茎流速率日变化曲线基本呈双峰曲线,多云及阴天甜瓜白天液流启动推迟,峰值减小15%~47%;晴天条件下温室内太阳辐射(Rs)、空气相对温度(Rh)滞后于茎流速率,阴天及多云条件下,辐射与茎流速率基本同步达到峰值,相对湿度在晴天中午辐射较高区间内的小幅提高会对茎流速率产生一定的拉低效应;温室内太阳辐射是甜瓜茎流变化的主要驱动因素,并建立了以太阳辐射(Rs)和空气相对湿度(Rh)为主要因子反映甜瓜茎流速率(F)变化的多元线性回归模型(F=26.204+0.0890Rs-0.2540Rh,R2=0.831,P<0.001),可对甜瓜蒸腾变化进行预测。     

小琴丝竹种子主要内含物成分和特性的研究

对小琴丝竹种子成分和特性进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)小琴丝竹种子成分含量分别为可溶性蛋白40.694 mg/g、可溶性糖14.670 mmol/g、游离脯氨酸0.292 mg/g、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)164.522 U、过氧化物酶(POD)51.389 U/(g.min)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)19.947 mg/g、丙二醛(MDA)0.064μmol/g;(2)小琴丝竹的果实为颖果。带稃片种子细狭长圆形,长1.5～2.2 cm,直径2.0～3.0 mm,紫灰色;去稃片种子为细长椭圆形,长0.9～1.3 cm,直径1.6～2.8 mm,棕褐色;(3)小琴丝竹种子的净度为90.07%、千粒重46.000 g、含水量达16.7%;(4)种子发芽率试验表明:随着播种时间的推移或NaCl溶液处理浓度的提高,种子发芽率急剧下降。     

Genetic analysis of methionine content in indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different grain developmental stages

Genetics of methionine content in indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied in 35 F₁ hybrids derived from crossing 7 male-sterile indica rice cultivars with 5 restorer japonica rice cultivars. Two genetic models and their corresponding statistical methods for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm in cereal crops were used for the analysis. One is the unconditional model, which refers to the analysis of cumulative measurements along the developmental stages, while another is the conditional model, which relates to analysis throughout the developmental stages. Results showed that methionine content of indica-japonica hybrid rice was controlled by expression of triploid endosperm nuclear genes, cytoplasm genes, diploid maternal plant nuclear genes, and their genotype-environment interaction effects. Dominant effects were important at the first three developmental stages, while additive effects were important at the next two stages of grain development under both unconditional and conditional analyses. With regard to the components of heritability, maternal and cytoplasm general heritabilities and their environmental interaction heritabilities were important. It was suggested that enhancing methionine content could be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants in early breeding generations.     

大豆叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素是对人类健康起着积极作用的功能因子,在保健食品等领域的前景十分广阔,目前已成为功能性食品成分研究中的热点。介绍了大豆叶黄素的结构与功能、检测方法、合成途径和关键基因以及遗传特性和影响因素等方面的研究进展。     

红魔芋密植试验

通过对100g、150g、200g、280g大小的红魔芋种芋材料开展密植试验,结果发现,150g的材料,当小区播种量为60粒时,膨大率最大（为5.7）,投入产出比最高（为3.6）,200g的材料,当小区播种量为36粒时,膨大率最大（为6.5）,投入产出比最高（为3.8）,而100g和280g材料的膨大率和投入产出比明显偏低。