2018年我国农药进出口特点与2019年趋势分析

Li Lin;Jin Hejiang;Huang Xinhe;Cao Bingwei;Wu Lihui;Liu Pingping;Qu Mengmeng;Wu Houbin(The Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)     

大蒜高产栽培技术及病虫害防治

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎。大蒜的幼苗、花茎、鳞茎均为广大群众所喜食,不仅可以生食和做成调味品,还可以做成糖醋蒜、罐头和大蒜油等产品出口创汇。大蒜栽培历史有2000多年,大蒜是人们日常生活不可缺少的辛香类蔬菜。大蒜含有丰富的糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维,数量元素、维生素和大蒜素,营养与保健价值极高,被誉为“天然广谱杀菌素”。     

苹果主要病虫害的发生与防治

1、苹果腐烂病 1.1为害症状苹果树腐烂病有溃疡型、枝枯型两种.溃疡型病斑是冬春发病盛期和夏季在极度衰弱树上发生的典型症状.病斑最初在外表,不易被发现,揭开枝干表皮后,可见暗褐色湿润状小斑或黄褐色干斑,当环境条件适宜时,在夏秋落皮层上出现稍带红褐色、稍湿润的小溃疡斑.     

计算机视觉技术在番茄收获中的应用

运用双目立体视觉技术对红色番茄进行定位,图像进行灰度变换后,对图像的二维直方图进行腐蚀,膨胀以后除小团块,提取背景区边缘,然后用拟合曲线实现彩色图像的分割,将番茄从背景中分离出来,对目标进行标定后,用面积匹配实现共轭图像中目标的配准,运用体视成像原理,从两幅二维图像中恢复目标的三维坐标,从实验数据可知,当目标与摄像机的距离为300－400mm时,深度误差可控制在3％－4％。     

肉种鸡神经型大肠杆菌病病原的分离,鉴定及防治研究

本研究从病原学角度证实了神经型大肠杆菌（血清型Ｏ７８、Ｏ１３３）在河北省的存在。１９９７年春河北省石家庄某大型肉鸡饲养场的肉种鸡发生一种传染病，经充行病学调查，病理剖检、病原分离及鉴定等，初步诊断为大肠杆菌病。同时从病死鸡的脑膜分离到典型的大肠杆菌，人工回归雉鸡体试验，典型发病。最后确诊为肉种鸡神经型大肠菌病。经血清学凝集试验鉴定分离菌为Ｏ７８血清型大肠杆菌和Ｏ１３３血清型大肠杆菌，将分离菌灭活后     

压榨-热喷肉骨粉应用试验研究

应用压榨-热喷技术对肉骨粉进行处理,产生的膨化效应和水解作用可有效提高产品品质、增加营养元素的吸收率,同时降低有害菌指标、消除不良气味、破坏有毒成分、改善适口性。在肉鸡饲料中添加2%￣3%热喷肉骨粉,每吨配合饲料比当地采用5%复合预混料的常规饲料成本可降低70元,通过8000只AA肉鸡的饲喂对比试验,试验组46d出栏鸡只均重2.58kg,肉料比1:1.92,每只鸡比对照组多盈利0.30元。本试验说明,肉骨粉的深加工能提高其附加值、改善营养品质、降低饲料成本,对缓解当前优质动物蛋白饲料缺乏具有重要意义。     

鸡源嗜酸乳扞菌的筛选

试验从健康雏鸡嗉囊、小肠、盲肠等部位分离到12株乳酸菌,通过试验筛选出了1株乳酸菌,初步鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌,并对其耐酸、抑菌生物学特性进行初步研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌具有强耐酸性和黏附性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑菌作用。     

Characteristics of Dorsal Lingual Papillae of the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The morphology of dorsal lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) was studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform and lenticular papillae were considered as mechanical papillae but fungiform and vallate papillae were considered as gustatory papillae. Filiform papillae were distributed mostly in the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue. Each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and a few smaller secondary papillae. Lenticular papillae were distributed on the torus linguae. The larger papillae were arranged in two parallel lines medially whereas the smaller papillae were laterally located. Most of the fungiform papillae were found on the lateral margins of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These papillae were small and round. Intra-epithelial taste buds were located on the dorsal surface of each papilla. The vallate papillae were arranged in two rows on each rim of the torus linguae. Each round- and flat-shaped vallate papilla was surrounded by a prominent gustatory groove and an annular pad. A few taste buds were observed in the lateral epithelium of the papillae. The keratinization of the covering stratified squamous epithelium of the mechanical lingual papillae was relatively thicker than those of the gustatory papillae. The lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel exhibited some different characteristics from other domestic ruminants. These morphological characteristics of the tongue of the Bactrian camel might have evolved to assist the camel in prehension and manipulating of the inorganic stiff plants that grow in its environment and therefore might relate to the feed and feeding habits of the animal.