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61.
Anchalee Khongpradit Phoompong Boonsaen Nitipong Homwong Yutaka Suzuki Satoshi Koike Suriya Sawanon Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Pineapple stem starch (PS) was evaluated for its suitability as a new starch source in concentrate for fattening cattle, based on the growth performance, blood profile, and rumen parameters of 36 steers in a 206‐day feeding study. PS was formulated as a 40% concentrate and fed with forage in comparison with ground corn (GC) and ground cassava (CA) formulated at the same level. PS feeding improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio without affecting feed intake. PS did not obviously influence blood lipid profiles throughout the experiment. Ruminal concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased with PS without affecting SCFA composition throughout the feeding study. Rumen amylolytic group, especially Ruminococcus bromii, was dominant in the rumen microbial community, and showed increased abundance by PS feeding throughout the experiment. These results clearly indicate the potential of PS as a useful starch source for fattening cattle in terms of rumen fermentation and growth performance. 相似文献
62.
Abstract A method for assaying the soil lipase activity is described. It involves the titrimetric estimation of the amount of lauric acid released by the lipase activity when the soil is incubated with Tween 20 in the presence of toluene at 30°C for 18 h under agitation. The method is simple and precise and incubation without agitation is also possible. The method has been applied to six different kinds of soils. The lipase activity in the cultivated soils ranged from 22.5 to 75.5 mmol min?1 g?1 of dried soil. The K m value for Tween 20 was 1.8 × 10?4 m. The optimum pH was approximately 7.5. The hydrolysis of liveen 20 in soil was inhibited by glycerol which was the essential moiety of glyceride. The inhibition by glycerol was found to be competitive. These results indicate that Tween 20 is a potential substrate for the assay of the glyceride hydrolytic activity in soils. 相似文献
63.
The interlayered hydroxy-aluminum of a chlorite-smectite intergrade in a dark-red soil derived from a pyroxene andesite altered by hydrothermal action was extracted easily by boiling treatments using both sodium-citrate and ammonium-fluoride solutions. Moreover, this interlayered aluminum was released partially by using a dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate system and an acid ammonium-oxalate solution which were prepared originally for removing the coexistent sesquioxides from soils. 相似文献
64.
Hidenori Wada Supamard Panichsakpatana Makoto Kimura Yasuo Takai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):449-452
Abstract Recently there has been developments in the measurement of N2 fixation due mainly to the C2H2 reduction method (1). This method, however, has several disadvantages, especially for submerged soil, and the estimated amount of fixed N2 on the basis of the C2H2 reduction activity is not very reliable. The tracer 15N2 technique which gives a reliable estimation of the fixed N2 is too expensive for common use. Development of an alternative method suitable for submerged soil would therefore be desirable. The present authors expected that the measurement of the ratio N2/Ar in the soil solution might provide advantages for the estimation of the fixed N2 in submerged soil. 相似文献
65.
It is well known that methyl mercaptan is porduced by the microbiological decomposition of methionine1),2),3). According to Kondo 4) and Onitake 1)not only hydrogen sulfide, but also methyl mercaptan were produced from cystine by E. coli and Proteus vulgaris in the medium containing one of glucose, lactose, sucrose, glycerin or histidine. Moreover, Onitake 1) found that methyl mercaptan was produced by the action of E. coli in the medium containing hydrogen sulfide and a trace of ethyl alcohol, and that evolution of methyl mercaptan began only 5 minutes after the start of experiment in the medium containing methionine, but it began after 12hrs in the medium containing 1-cystine and glucose. According to Birkinshaw, Findlay and Webb5) methyl mercaptan was found in the medium containing glucose, sulfate and other mineral salts, inoculated by Schizophyllum commune. In the same cultural condition as given above, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide were detected by Challenger and Chartons 5) from the data presented above, in addition to microbiological formation of methyl mercaptan from methionine, the possibility cannot be excluded of methyl mercaptan formation by microbes from cystine, sulfate or hydrogen sulfide in the medium containing one of organic compounds such as sugars, glycerin, histidine and ethyl alcohol, etc. 相似文献
66.
In the previous paper1) the authors proved that the ferric iron reduction in submerged paddy soils is entirely or mostly effected by the activities of microorganisms in the soil. Prior to the study on the ferric iron reducing microorganisms isolated from the soil, the present paper reports the research for the microbial mechanism of iron reduction. working with the soil itself. 相似文献
67.
Yasuo Takijima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):14-21
Many Studies (1) have been made on the physiological diseases of rice plants caused by root rot which develops during the plant growth. The view that organic acids; accumulatted in rice paddy soil may be one of the factors impeding the function of roots began only recently to be expressed concerning the low productive paddy fidds. However, studies on the metabolism of these organic acids, especially of saturated lower fatty acids, are mostly fragmental except for a series of studies made by Takai and others (2). To deal with the problem of root injuries and diseases of rice plants, we must establish the magnitude of the organic acid production in relation to the differences in character of soils. 相似文献
68.
Color change of city refuse during composting process was investigated according to the methods of measurement for color of materials based on the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System. Stimulus value Y (the degree of lightness) and chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were determined with Color Analyzer by measuring relative spectral reflectance. Stimulus value Y of city refuse decreased during composting process, but chromaticity coordinates (x, y) scarcely changed. Color of various composts, which were produced from city refuse, straw, hog fecal wastes, tree bark, and tree bark mixed with activated sludge, were also investigated by measuring relative spectral reflectance. The shapes of the reflection spectra of city refuse were different from those of the other composts. Colors of the various composts were similar to each other when specified according to their three attributes: value, hue, and chroma (Munsell renotation). While city refuse was rotting and maturing, stimulus value Yand C/N ratio equally decreased. A positive correlation was found between stimulus value Y and C/N ratio. It was concluded that stimulus value Y can be used as a criterion for determining the degree of maturity of city refuse compost. The correlation between stimulus value Y and C/N ratio of various composts was also investigated. According to the position on the two coordinates having stimulus value Y and C/N ratio as axe s, various composts were classified into three groups: (i) city refuse compost group, (ii) straw compost group, and (iii) tree bark compost group. 相似文献
69.
In view of the difficulty in practicing water management as a measure to prevent the production of high Cd rice, alkaline or calcareous soil amendment materials were examined, concerning their pH effect on the availability of soil heavy metals. 1. In the experiment conducted on the contaminated paddy field, the essential Cd uptake by the plant occurred after the ear-forming stage and was reduced remarkably by a basal application of the amendment materials followed by top application, depending on the activity of raising the soil pH. Combined use of calcium silicate and fused magnesium phosphate for a basal dressing was most effective on Cd uptake, producing rice of the lowest Cd content, one fifth of the control. 2. The content of Cu in rice also decreased with the treatment to an extent second to Cd, while that of Zn and Pb decreased in straw but hardly changed in rice. Cu seemed fastest in the straw-to-grain movement which was also promoted by the treatments. 3. Soil Cd and Cu were less soluble in 0.1 N HCl solutions than were Zn and Pb, with the application of fused phosphate. Soil Cd became more insoluble in the incubated soil in a submerged condition and its solubility appeared to be depressed by the addition of ammonium sulfate. 4. Based on the good results for the control of high Cd rice obtained through three years' survey in the problem area, it was recommended that these materials be used in sufficient quantity to raise soil pH, taking care not to cause delay in the first growth. 相似文献
70.
Abstract A method of leaching polluted soil with diluted HCl solution was investigated for controlling high Cd in rice. Results obtained in the pot and field experiments are summarized as follows: 1. By leaching the soil in the pot with 0.05 or 0.1 N HCl solution followed by washing with water, soluble heavy metals were remarkably removed in the order of Cd>Cu>Zn?Pb; the Cd content decreased to half with 0.1 N HCI treatment. 2. Heavy metal contents of the plants decreased with the treatments. Especially, Cd content in straw and rice of the soil applied with CaCO3 after the treatment was one-third and one-fifteenth of the control, respectively. 3. A contaminated paddy field was similarly treated using industrial cone. HCl. One-fourth of the soluble Cd in the surface soil was removed by this method, and the Cd content of the unpolished rice decreased from 0.33 ppm to 0.06 ppm in the plot treated with fused magnesium phosphate and calcium silicate after the treatment. 4. Cd concentration of the drained water from the treated field could soon be diluted far below the allowable limit with the abundant river current. A sufficient supply of calcareous materials was needed to compensate for the lost bases in the soil. 相似文献