复合型丸粒剂对防风种子萌发的影响

研究了复合型丸粒剂对防风种子发芽和发芽生理的影响。结果表明,防风种子经复合型丸粒剂处理后,种子活力、过氧化物酶和脱氢酶活性显著提高。丸粒化防风种子发芽集中度较裸种子显著提高,为裸种子的1.39倍。这说明复合型丸粒剂可有效改善防风种子的萌发。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

植物乳杆菌Uvs44酪氨酸脱羧酶基因的克隆与序列分析

酪氨酸脱羧酶与发酵食品中酪胺的产生密切相关。根据GeneBank中乳酸菌酪氨酸脱羧酶基因序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR扩增的方法克隆并测定了植物乳杆菌Uvs44酪氨酸脱羧酶的核苷酸序列。结果表明：克隆的酪氨酸脱羧酶基因大小为744 bp,与目前已知的四株乳酸菌酪氨酸脱羧酶基因的核苷酸序列比对结果表明：植物乳杆菌Uvs44与Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809的亲缘关系最近,为98.3%,与Enterococcus hirae 158的亲缘关系最远,为78.8%,不同乳酸菌的酪氨酸脱羧酶基因之间存在普遍的序列相似性,可为进一步构建酪氨酸脱羧酶基因缺失工程菌奠定基础。     

保护性耕作对贫瘠型黑土区土壤理化特性的影响

以贫瘠型黑土区土壤为供试对象,对2种保护性耕作措施（模式1为秋季深松、平播＋秸秆还田;模式2为秋季深松起垄＋根茬还田）下土壤的理化特性进行研究。结果表明：2种保护性措施可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤pH,其中秸秆还田措施效果最明显;对土壤不同速效养分含量影响不同;对土壤物理性质的影响主要表现为降低土壤容重和增加土壤田间持水量。不同的保护性耕作措施对于提高土壤肥力、改善土壤物理特性起到重要作用。     

肉牛混合日粮不同进食水平对尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响

为研究肉牛不同进食水平对尿中嘌呤衍生物(PD)排出量的影响,试验选用4头当地黄牛按4×4拉丁方设计进行两期消化代谢试验,两个试验的日粮由精料和粗料由40:60(试验1)和60:40(试验2)组成,试验日粮分别按"自由采食量"的100%、80%、60%和40%饲喂4种相同组分不同进食量的日粮,用全收粪法和全收尿法分别测定有机物(OM)的消化率和尿中PD排出量,试验结果表明,日粮进食水平对全消化道OM表观消化率没有明显影响(P>0.05),尿中PD排出量随进食水平提高而增加(P<0.05),而尿中肌酸酐的排出量没有明显差异(P>0.05),尿中PD排出量可以用来估测瘤胃微生物蛋白质产生量。     

外源激素对油菜长柄叶光合特性的影响

对中双9号苗期施用外源脱落酸（ABA）、芸苔素内酯（BR）和激动素（KT）,对处理后不同天数的第8片长柄叶的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）及蒸腾速率（Tr）等指标进行测定,同时比较光合关键酶Rubisco的羧化活性。结果表明：（1）KT对光合速率的提高效果明显,BR对延缓光合速率下降有一定作用;（2）气孔导度、Ci以及Tr随Pn产生相应变化,可以得出激素处理前期主要是气孔限制因素导致Pn变化,后期以非气孔限制为主;（3）Rubisco羧化活性与Pn变化趋势基本一致,但激素ABA、BR对Rubisc活性增加有较显著作用。     

福建武夷山地区茶树种质的茶橙瘿螨抗性变异 及高抗优质资源的发掘

[研究目的]茶橙瘿螨(Acaphylla theac Watt)是荼树上的一种重要害虫,培育抗螨品种是茶树育种的重要目标.研究的开展是为了从现有茶树种质中鉴定发掘出高抗荼橙瘿螨的基因资源,以提供育种利用.[方法]试验以福建武夷山地区的56份地方茶树品种为材料,连续3a通过田间调查鉴定了不同材料的荼橙瘿螨抗性,并系统鉴定了高抗种质的形态、生物学和品质特征.[结果]试验结果表明不同茶树种质间存在较显著的荼橙瘿螨抗性差异,供试种质的虫口密度平均为27.6头/cm2,变异范围为0.2～75.9头/cm2,变异系数为68.1%;为害状指数平均为26.6,变异范围在2.6～59之间,变异系数为54.1%.通过鉴定,筛选出了4份高抗茶橙瘿螨的资源"巡山猴"、"武夷82号"、"金锁匙"和"满地红",其中前3份种质烘青绿茶的感官审评总分分别为91.3、91.0和91.6,品质优异,为高抗优质资源.[结论]试验筛选出的3份高抗茶橙瘿螨且品质优异的种质是今后开展茶树抗螨育种的良好亲本材料.     

亚砷酸氧化菌Sinorhizobium sp. GW3的鉴定与亚砷酸氧化酶基因的分离

亚砷酸氧化细菌能够将毒性大的As(Ⅲ)氧化成毒性小的As(Ⅴ),在生物修复砷污染方面具有应用价值。对一株新型亚砷酸氧化菌Sinorhizobium sp.GW3进行了较全面的鉴定,并分离及分析了亚砷酸氧化酶基因aoxAB。形态学、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因等分析结果表明该菌为Sinorhizobium属。该菌对As(III)抗性的MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)为9 mmol/L。首次在Sinorhizobium属中分离了包括编码小亚基aoxA和大亚基aoxB在内的亚砷酸氧化酶基因,其编码的大小亚基与已发现的Agrobacterium tumefaciens(ABB51929)的大小亚基在氨基酸水平上分别有86%、80%的同源性。     

全株玉米秸秆压缩打捆袋装青贮技术的研究

研究了全株玉米秸秆压缩打捆袋装的新型青贮模式。结果表明,通过对青贮品质的鉴定,在pH值为3.5～4.1、水分含量在71%～78%时,青贮品质优良,因此可推广此青贮技术。     

初探速冻蔬菜在舰船航海上应用的可行性

本文介绍了速冻蔬菜的概念和优点,综述了速冻蔬菜的应用与研究现状,探讨了速冻蔬菜舰船上贮运的特殊意义,并对舰船上贮运条件进行了分析。认为速冻蔬菜舰船上冷冻库是应用可行的,对速冻蔬菜舰船航海贮运期间的品质变化尚需进行深入的研究。