Sorbent Materials Characterization Based on Mechanical or Thermal Pretreated Montmorillonite Modified by Surfactant Loading for Improved Chromium Retention

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The treatment efficiency of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus species, immobilized in sodium alginate, was evaluated for removing nitrate from groundwater....     

糠醛渣改良土壤增强苕子对盐碱土的适应性

科学合理的盐碱土改良措施对植物在盐碱土上适应性栽培具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。该研究旨在通过施用糠醛渣探讨盐碱土土壤特性及植物生长适应性栽培研究,为糠醛渣在盐碱土的合理使用提供科学依据。试验按土壤质量为基数确定糠醛渣的用量,试验由添加量0、5%、10%糠醛渣的盐碱土3个处理组成,温室条件下进行盆栽试验。结果表明,施用糠醛渣不仅降低盐碱土pH和含盐量,而且显著提升了土壤微生物多样性Sobs和Shannon指数,降低了simpson指数降低。主要表现在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)成为优势菌门。施用糠醛渣增加了苕子叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量。显著增强了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。施用糠醛渣明显促进苕子生长发育,增加了苕子苗期生物量,5%糠醛渣用量处理改良盐碱土效果较优。研究表明糠醛渣通过改善盐碱土的其理化特性及生物多样性分布,促进苕子的生长发育,研究为糠醛渣在盐碱地土壤改良及植物适应性栽培的合理应用提供了科学依据与参考。     

从学位论文的引文分析看水产养殖硕士的文献需求

以大连海洋大学水产养殖专业2001--2009年120篇硕士学位论文作为统计源,对学位论文引文的数量、语种、类型年代及该专业的文献半衰期进行了统计分析,探讨水产养殖专业硕士学位论文引文的规律,并对有关影响因素进行了初步探讨,对引文量最大的外文期刊进行排序并考察其在本校的收藏情况．从而掌握本校的期刊保障率．为馆藏期刊资源建设提供了参考依据。     

重庆地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法研究

根据重庆市沙坪坝日射站1988-2007年逐日太阳总辐射、日照百分率、低云量和水汽压等资料,采用常规统计方法分析了重庆市地面总辐射的时间变化;由太阳总辐射气候学计算原理,采用线性回归方法建立月总辐射计算公式;通过相关系数检验和回归误差分析,确定了适用于重庆地区太阳总辐射月总量的气候学推算公式;进而根据所得推算公式分别计算了各站点逐月太阳总辐射总量,分析了重庆地区四季和年太阳总辐射的空间分布特征.结果表明:日照百分率的单因子线性拟合整体效果较好,但冬季月份拟合误差较大;采用日照百分率和低云量的双因子拟合,使得冬季月份的拟合误差明显减小,显著提高了整体拟合效果.分析认为,日照百分率是重庆地区地面总辐射的主要影响因子,冬季雾日数和低云量对地面总辐射具有重要影响.重庆太阳总辐射有逐年增大的趋势,与该地区实际日照时数逐年增大而低云量逐年减少等因素有关.四季及全年太阳总辐射的区域分布以重庆地区东北部最高,东南部和西部边缘一带为低值区.     

The molecular mechanism of thermal noise in rod photoreceptors

Spontaneous electrical signals in the retina's photoreceptors impose a limit on visual sensitivity. Their origin is attributed to a thermal, rather than photochemical, activation of the transduction cascade. Although the mechanism of such a process is under debate, the observation of a relationship between the maximum absorption wavelength (λ(max)) and the thermal activation kinetic constant (k) of different visual pigments (the Barlow correlation) indicates that the thermal and photochemical activations are related. Here we show that a quantum chemical model of the bovine rod pigment provides a molecular-level understanding of the Barlow correlation. The transition state mediating thermal activation has the same electronic structure as the photoreceptor excited state, thus creating a direct link between λ(max) and k. Such a link appears to be the manifestation of intrinsic chromophore features associated with the existence of a conical intersection between its ground and excited states.     

具有时滞的可燃物含水率预测模型

利用相关性分析法选取了影响可燃物含水率变化的影响因子和延迟时间,同时说明气温、相对湿度和风速等影响因子对可燃物含水率变化的影响有滞后性,并通过微分方程理论推导,建立了具有时滞的可燃物含水率预测模型,给出了模型中各影响因子的取值范围。结果表明:所建模型的精度达到96.0%,说明在研究森林可燃物含水率变化规律时考虑时滞因素是正确的。     

戊唑醇、丙森锌混配剂对大樱桃黑斑病菌的毒力及其增效作用

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了戊唑醇、丙森锌对大樱桃黑斑病菌的毒力,并在此基础上用Horsfall的毒力试验设计和共毒系数法进行了混配剂的最佳配比筛选。结果表明：戊唑醇对大樱桃黑斑病菌抑制活性显著优于丙森锌,戊唑醇与丙森锌按EC50值剂量1∶9比例混配后共毒系数为1 612.09,具有显著增效作用。     

Gene Discovery and Characterization from Non-sequenced Medicinal Plants

Plant-derived secondary metabolites still constitute important resources for currently prescribed drugs and for the discovery of active principles which are effective in new indication areas. Promising compounds are often exclusively found in wild medicinal plants and the classical plant-based pharmaceutical production approach has been hampered by low yields, lack of reproducibility and the high complexity of plant extracts （Rischer and Oksman-Caldentey, 2005）. Influencing the accumulation of target compounds by breeding or genetic engineering is greatly impeded because in most cases the general biosynthetic routes are incompletely understood.     

"无机及分析化学2"教学体会

文章基于"无机及分析化学2"的教学实践,指出了提高教学质量的几个重要方面:教学内容的精炼应以充分利用学生已有知识、加强知识点间的联系为着力点;课件教学应与传统教学的优势相融合;苏格拉底教学法是建构主义教学观的成功范例,此法是提高课堂教学互动性的有效措施.     

Serogroups of Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter jejuni isolated in cases of ovine abortion

Of 38 aborted ovine fetuses from 23 sheep flocks 29 C. fetus subsp. fetus and 22 C. jejuni were isolated and examined biochemically and serologically for heat-stable antigens. Serologic examinations were carried out by passive haemagglutination test. In case of C. fetus subsp. fetus strains alkaline antigen extraction was used. Antisera to two serogroups of C. fetus and to Penner serotype reference strains 1 to 60 were produced in rabbits. Abortion was caused in 18 (78.3%) flocks by C. fetus subsp. fetus and in 5 (21.7%) flocks by C. jejuni. Six C. fetus subsp. fetus strains grew well at both 43 and 25 degrees C. With one exception all C. fetus subsp. fetus were resistant, whereas all 29 C. fetus subsp. venerealis strains were sensitive to 30 micrograms/ml cefoxitin and cefamandole. These two cephalosporins can be used to differentiate the two subspecies of C. fetus. Passive haemagglutination test using alkaline antigen extraction is a proper method for the examination of heat-stable antigens of both C. fetus subspecies. Out of 24 C. fetus subsp. fetus strains 13 belonged to serogroup A(01), and 11 to serogroup B(02). C. jejuni strains examined belonged to Penner serogroup 1 (6 strains), to serogroup 5 (4 strains) and to serogroup 8 (4 strains).