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131.
在我国的平原水库建设中,对于土坝混凝土护坡的施工,一直采用人工施工工艺,不但施工效率低、成本高,工程质量极难保证,大型渠道衬砌设备,经我国引进、改型,已应用于南水北调东线工程济平干渠衬砌施工队中,并积累了丰富的经验.2005年,在德州市农村自来水村村通水源工程宁津水库工程建设中,首次通过设备改型,进行了水库坝体的混凝土护坡施工,为大型渠道衬砌设备在平原水库混凝土护坡中的应用打下基础.本文对大型渠道衬砌设备在平原水库坝体混凝土护坡中的施工工艺控制、施工质量控制及存在的有关问题做了初步探讨. 相似文献
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苹果品种抗寒性测定方法的研究 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:25
采用电导法、恢复生长法、组织褐变法及Logistic方程法对部分苹果品种进行了测定。提 出了以电解质渗出率 40%相对应的温度为枝条组织的临界致死温度(C. L. L.T);通过组织褐变法 求得褐变温度(Browning Temperature,B.T.);应用Logistic方程求出拐点温度,即半致死温度(LT_(50)); 通过恢复生长法观察了各种处理温度下的萌芽率。综合以上测定结果,以IBPGR分类标准为基础 将参试品种分为5级,列出了供试品种抗寒力的相对强弱顺序,并对抗寒性作了综合评价。 相似文献
134.
Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaowei Liu Huoyan Wang Jianmin Zhou Zhaoming Chen Dianjun Lu Dejin Zhu Pingliang Deng 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):625-638
Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF. 相似文献
135.
Ting Zou Qiao Xiao Wenjie Li Tao Luo Guoqiang Yuan Zhiyuan He Mingxing Liu Qiao Li Peizhou Xu Jun Zhu Yueyang Liang Qiming Deng Shiquan Wang Aiping Zheng Lingxia Wang Ping Li Shuangcheng Li 《Rice》2017,10(1):53
Background
Male fertility is crucial for rice yield, and the improvement of rice yield requires hybrid production that depends on male sterile lines. Although recent studies have revealed several important genes in male reproductive development, our understanding of the mechanisms of rice pollen development remains unclear.Results
We identified a rice mutant oslap6 with complete male sterile phenotype caused by defects in pollen exine formation. By using the MutMap method, we found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation located in the second exon of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 was responsible for the mutant phenotype. OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is an orthologous gene of Arabidopsis PKSA/LAP6, which functions in sporopollenin metabolism. Several other loss-of-function mutants of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing tool also exhibited the same phenotype of male sterility. Our cellular analysis suggested that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 might regulate pollen exine formation by affecting bacula elongation. Expression examination indicated that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is specifically expressed in tapetum, and its product is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Protein sequence analysis indicated that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is conserved in land plants.Conclusions
OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is a critical molecular switch for rice male fertility by participating in a conserved sporopollenin precursor biosynthetic pathway in land plants. Manipulation of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 has potential for application in hybrid rice breeding.136.
Yujiao Liu Yaxi Liu Yong Zhou Charlene Wight Zhien Pu Pengfei Qi Qiantao Jiang Mei Deng Zaoxia Wang Yuming Wei Wenguang Cao Dengcai Liu Youliang Zheng Chunji Liu Judith Frégeau-Reid Jirui Wang 《Euphytica》2017,213(1):19
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC2F8 tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality. 相似文献
137.
生物炭吸附水体中重金属机理与工艺研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
生物炭因其良好的表面特性和孔隙结构,广泛的原料来源和广阔的产业化发展前景,已成为当今环境、农业和能源等领域的研究热点。针对生物炭对水体重金属的吸附研究,本文基于生物炭原料和制备工艺的多样性,综合分析了国内外生物炭重金属吸附机理的研究成果,详细阐述、分析了5种吸附作用机制(物理吸附、静电作用、离子交换、络合反应和化学沉淀)及其相关表征手段;同时评述了吸附工艺条件和重金属种类对生物炭吸附重金属的影响;指出生物炭重金属吸附领域未来的研究中,应开展针对重金属吸附的生物炭原料特性及吸附产物的多维、微纳尺度表征方法研究。 相似文献
138.
为了提高低温冷冻灾害的防御能力,为政府部门制定防灾减灾规划提供科学依据。本研究基于自然灾害形成机理及风险评估原理,以济南市长清区为例,利用气候资料、历史灾情数据、地理信息数据及社会经济等资料,采用层次分析法和加权综合评价法,借助GIS空间分析技术,通过对致灾因子危险性、敏感性、易损性和防灾减灾能力4个评价指标的空间评价,实现了对长清区低温冷冻灾害的风险性评估和综合区划。结果表明:长清区低温冷冻灾害总体表现为空间化强,没有规则的分布规律,综合风险性总体水平较高。文昌街道办事处、五峰山街道办事处、双泉乡的部分地区综合风险性最高,属于低温冷冻灾害的重点防御区域;轻、低风险主要分布在平安街道办事处、万德镇、马山镇、崮云湖街道办事处的部分辖区。该评估结果将对本地区农作物的种植规划及灾害防御措施的制定提供参考依据。 相似文献
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