天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁虫生真菌调查

以天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁虫为调查对象,采用野外调查、采样和室内分离、鉴定相结合的方法,研究了天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁虫的危害程度及其虫生真菌的种类。结果表明:新源县苹果小吉丁虫虫口密度为0.76头·m~(-1),巩留县为2.72头·m~(-1);导致苹果小吉丁虫死亡的原因排序为物理致死天敌寄生真菌侵染其它;从56份样本中分离得到41株真菌,隶属于4目7属,其中曲霉属(Aspergillus)和链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌数量最多;不同季节样本中都分离到了虫生真菌,夏季得到的真菌种类和数量最多。天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁虫中存在一定数量的虫生真菌,应将虫生真菌作为苹果小吉丁虫生物防治的新方法,进行更加深入的研究。     

食用菌企业并购与增强市场竞争力分析

食用菌企业能否通过龙头企业进行并购重组,调整产能过剩,解决产业集中度低,技术水平低和科研创新能力低的问题,从而激发市场的竞争活力,提升食用菌产业的规模结构,提高企业管理效率,迅速实现食用菌产业的转型升级。为此,通过分析食用菌市场的发展现状,龙头企业的运行模式,企业并购的现实因素等方面来总结龙头企业进行并购的积极影响,以期能为食用菌产业的技术进步和规模扩大提出建设性的意见,促进食用菌产业的高质量发展。     

菊花ClERF1基因的克隆与表达分析

以甘菊叶片为试验材料,采用RT-PCR和Tail-PCR以及生物信息学的方法,研究了甘菊ClERF1及其启动子序列特征、表达模式,以及甘菊ClERF1在低温胁迫下的响应。以期为进一步研究甘菊ClERF1功能提供参考依据。结果表明:ClERF1基因序列全长1 242 bp,最大开放阅读框(ORF)618 bp,可编码206个氨基酸。经理化性质分析,ClERF1分子量23 631.35 Da,理论等电点5.19,不稳定系数53.84,脂肪指数62.04,平均亲水性-0.786,亚细胞定位在细胞核内。系统进化树表明,ClERF1与拟南芥At3g23240亲缘关系最近,属于ERF亚家族。qRT-PCR分析表明ClERF1在叶片中表达最高,其次在茎段中。该研究克隆了ClERF1启动子序列1 534 bp,主要包括低温反应和乙烯响应元件、生长素和茉莉酸甲酯反应元件等。甘菊低温处理幼苗ClERF1表达量显著高于未低温处理的幼苗,其中5℃时ClERF1相对表达量最高。     

天水106份冬小麦品种（系）Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位的分子检测

选用与Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位系紧密连锁的SCAR和STS标记,对天水106份供试冬小麦育成品种(系)Yr18基因、1BL/1RS易位系的分布情况进行分子检测。结果表明,106份材料中,有2份材料检测到Yr18基因,有55份材料检测到1BL/1RS易位系,分别占被检测材料的1.89%、51.89%。对目前流行条锈菌小种有良好抗性且表现慢锈性的Yr18基因在甘肃天水小麦育种中的利用率较低,而1BL/1RS易位系的利用率仍然较高。品系15-16H307和07-144-2-1-1-1同时检测到1BL/1RS易位系和Yr18基因,建议在甘肃天水小麦抗条锈病育种中合理应用。     

Closing crop yield and efficiency gaps for food security and sustainable agriculture

正The world population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050. The rise in population coupled with improving living standards will require a doubling of the crop yield to fulfill food demand and livestock feed, which means crop yield will need to increase by 60–110% between 2005 and 2050(Tilman et al. 2011).     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.     

微生物菌群培养组学在动物医学中的应用

实验室条件下可培养的微生物约占自然界中微生物总数的1%，这限制了人们对99%未知微生物的认识和利用，而研究表明，那些“不可培养的微生物”是可以被开发和利用的，未能被纯培养的微生物才是未知微生物的主体。微生物培养组学探索利用多种培养条件和长时间的培养，结合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法（MALDI-TOF-MS）和16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）测序可以大规模鉴定各种微生物，同时利用全基因组测序和宏基因组测序手段对未知微生物进行深入分析。本文综述了国内外近年来微生物菌群培养组学在反刍动物胃肠道、禽类盲肠及家畜鼻腔微生物菌群研究中的最新进展，探讨将动物体内菌群培养组学方法应用于动物疾病防治领域的可行性。作为一个新兴的研究方法，尽管该培养组学还存在一些不够成熟的方面，但它的发展前景十分广阔，微生物菌群培养组学方法和其他研究方法的互补已经逐渐成为发展兽医微生物学新的突破口。     

Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

白花蛇舌草超微粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

The assay was aimed to study the effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd superfines powder on immune function. Three groups of mice were gavaged with the drugs at doses of 1.75,1.25 and 0.75 g/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days, repectively. The mice of control group were administered with the same volume of saline.At the last time, mice were injected into the muscle with Newcastle disease vaccine,and get peripheral blood on days 7, 14 and 21 after the medicine administration. The enhancement of innate immune responses were evaluated by using CCK-8 method, hemagglutination inhibition test, macrophage phagocytic function test and organ coefficient method. The levels of lymphocytes proliferative capacity, serum antibody, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and the indexes of immune organs in mice were extremely significantly enhanced (P＜0.01). Hedyotis diffusa dWilld superfines powder could extremely significantly regulate the immunity function of mice (P＜0.01).     

浅析乌兰察布地区金叶榆嫁接以及嫁后管理技术

金叶榆叶片金黄色,枝条密生,树冠丰满,生长旺盛,适合做多种造型,在园林绿化上应用较多;再者,抗寒、抗旱能力强,很适合在乌兰察布地区推广应用,为了满足绿化的需要,对该地区嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术进行了总结,为当地金叶榆嫁接技术以及嫁后管理技术提供理论参考。