Full‐Term Development of Rabbit Embryos Produced by ICSI with Sperm Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen without Cryoprotectants

The aim of the present study was to establish the technology of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in rabbit by using the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants. Observation under an electron microscope revealed that the rabbit spermatozoa frozen without cryoprotectants had severe damage especially in the plasma membrane and junction between head and tail. However, after being injected into the oocytes, the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants retained the capability of supporting the cleavage and development of the ICSI oocytes, with no significant difference from that of fresh sperm, although the development of ICSI embryos derived from either frozen sperm or fresh sperm is much lower than that of in vivo‐fertilized zygotes. When additional artificial activation was applied following ICSI, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation of ICSI oocytes were significantly increased when compared with the oocytes without additional activation. Yet, the cell numbers in blastocysts were not significantly different between the activation and non‐activation group. After embryo transfer, four offspring were obtained from the oocytes microinjected with the sperm frozen without cryoprotectants. The technology established by this study may facilitate exploring the ICSI‐based transgenic method in rabbit and broaden the application of ICSI technique in related field.     

贵州省竹产业发展的现状与展望

从竹种资源、竹林资源和竹产品3个方面,系统总结了贵州省近30年竹产业的动态,阐述了竹资源分布与发展的区域性,分析了竹产品的结构动态.在现有竹产业布局基础上提出了修订竹产业规划、优化竹资源结构、宏扬竹文化、加速竹产品升级换代和建设品牌企业5大举措,以提高竹业产值及在贵州省林业与国民经济总产值中的比例.     

17个玉米地方种质选系的育种潜势分析

以西南地区生产上常用的11个玉米骨干自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,测定17个玉米地方种质新选自交系主要性状的配合力和杂种优势,并对杂优类群、性状遗传参数进行分析。结果表明,单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P1-10×P2-4,四平头群×Lancaster群在川南地区可产生较强的杂种优势;在穗行数、行粒数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,可早代进行选择,而百粒生、单株产量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应,宜晚代进行选择。     

河南省农用大中型拖拉机需求量预测研究

河南省农用大中型拖拉机受国家政策、经济效益、市场需求等多种因素的影响,其需求量是一个复杂的非线性系统。为此,首先在灰色GM（1,1）模型基础上,利用BP神经网络修正残差,建立灰色 BP 神经网络组合预测模型,既克服了数据的非线性关系以及随机波动大对预测精度的影响,也增强了预测的自适应性。为此,对2002-2011年河南省农用大中型拖拉机的拥有量进行了检验预测,结果表明模型具有较高的拟合度。最后,应用该模型预测了河南省2012-2015农用大中型拖拉机的拥有量,并依此测算出河南省农用大中型拖拉机未来4年的需求量,可为河南省农机部门制定农机动力发展规划提供参考。     

Identification and fine mapping of a candidate gene for oil yellow leaf 2 conferring yellow leaf phenotype in maize

Leaf colour is an important agronomic trait for studying molecular mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Here, a novel mutant oil yellow leaf 2 (Oy2) with a typical yellow leaf phenotype at the seedling stage was identified from the mutant population derived from the maize inbred line RP125. Compared with wild type, Oy2 mutant displays decreased chlorophyll content, reduced photosynthetic capacity and impaired chloroplast structure, which is likely controlled by a single recessive gene. The Oy2 locus was then delimited into a 117 kb region on chromosome 5 harbouring four genes, amongst which the gene Zm00001d013013, encoding a magnesium chelatase subunit D, was identified as the only candidate gene associated with Oy2 mutant phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of candidate gene Oy2 and genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis were tested by RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR, implying that the causal gene Oy2 playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis. Taken together, we propose that the causal gene Oy2 highly associated with the yellow leaf phenotype may be helpful in elucidating photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis and chloroplast development in maize.     

非洲猪瘟病毒LNA引物PCR检测方法的建立及优化

为了建立一种便捷、快速且精准的非洲猪瘟病毒的检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中公布的ASFV p72基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,并对引物中的适当碱基进行锁核酸修饰,通过优化退火温度、引物浓度,建立了非洲猪瘟病毒的锁核酸修饰引物PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性,检测灵敏度可以达到3×10¹ copies/uL,比常规引物PCR方法的灵敏度提高了100倍,比real-time PCR方法的灵敏度提高了10倍,对猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病毒等病原基因组均无扩增,特异性良好。72份临床样品的检测结果与OIE推荐的qPCR方法检测结果一致,符合率为100%。本研究成功建立了非洲猪瘟病毒的LNA引物PCR检测方法,方法的特异性强、敏感性高,操作简单,为非洲猪瘟病毒的检测提供了一种新的、更加敏感的检测技术。     

Effects of inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) silage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, direct‐cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) silages were prepared by using a rolled‐bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7–14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia‐N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB‐inoculated silage, whereas LPLBc‐treated silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc‐inoculated silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.     

向日葵和马铃薯间作条件下氮素的吸收和利用

间套作不但能提高作物产量和资源利用效率,也是有效降低土壤风蚀的重要措施。明确间套作体系中氮素竞争与互补机理,提高氮素利用效率对区域农业可持续发展有着重要意义。该研究于2010年和2011年在内蒙古武川进行了大田试验,利用半微量凯氏定氮方法测定植株各器官氮素含量和氮吸收量,探讨间作中作物对氮素吸收和利用的特征。结果表明,从系统角度出发,向日葵和马铃薯间作系统的氮吸收当量比(NER)为0.95～1.02,差异不显著,这种间作模式对作物氮的吸收效率没有影响。从作物角度出发,间作没有显著提高向日葵的氮素吸收和利用效率,却降低了系统中马铃薯的氮素吸收和利用效率。间作中,向日葵氮偏吸收当量比为0.53～0.74,大于其种植比例(50%),说明间作向日葵具有显著的氮素竞争和吸收优势;而马铃薯氮偏吸收当量比为0.28～0.42,低于其在间作中所占的比例(50%),处于显著劣势。间作马铃薯产量(鲜薯质量,80%含水率)的氮素生理利用效率(NPE)为249.2g/g,略低于单作(269.8g/g),其中4行马铃薯:4行向日葵(4P:4S)间作马铃薯的NPE为238.2g/g,显著低于单作。4P:4S间作向日葵产量(籽粒质量,12%含水率)的NPE为30.1g/g,高于单作(25.9g/g)和2行马铃薯:2行向日葵(2P:2S)间作的NPE(22.8g/g)。在4P:4S间作模式中,向日葵的NPE有所提高,作为代价,降低了马铃薯的NPE。间作中马铃薯的收获指数HI(0.83)低于单作(0.87),间作向日葵的HI(0.40)高于单作的HI(0.33)。间作作物NPE的变化主要受作物收获指数HI的影响。     

基于Sakai平台的农技推广人员远程培训研究

农业现代化的发展和农业的创收在很大程度上取决于广大农技推广人员的科技水平,面对急需培训的农技推广人员队伍,该文在分析现有农技推广人员培训模式基础上,提出通过构建Sakai平台来开展农技推广人员远程培训,从而解决现有培训模式中存在的时空限制、规模有限、互动性不强等问题。     

无蔗糖培养和不同封口膜对非洲菊组培苗生长的影响研究

研究了培养基中有蔗糖与无糖、容器封口膜密封和带滤菌膜透气对非洲菊组培苗增殖、鲜重、干重和根系形成等的影响。生根培养阶段的非洲菊试管苗能生长在无蔗糖培养基上。用带滤菌膜可透气封口膜可以明显提高组培苗的鲜重增量和干重率,促进根系的形成和生长,提高在无糖培养下的苗的存活力和质量,延长组培苗的留瓶时间。透气状况的改善也可提高增殖培养的效率。结果表明组培苗具有一定光自养生长潜能,改进培养条件可提高培养效率和种苗质量