从土壤中高效分离苏云金杆菌的方法

在醋酸钠分离方法的基础上添加抗生素,能显著提高从土壤中分离苏云金杆菌的效率。当青霉素钠盐和硫酸庆大霉素的浓度分别达到４００μｇ／ｍｌ时,除地衣芽孢杆菌,短小芽孢杆菌和日本甲虫芽孢杆菌有产生长外,其它９种杂菌均不能生长。对２９个Ｂｔ亚种的生长抑制试验结果表明,仅４业种有轻度至中度的生长抑制,但仍能形成孢晶。其它各亚种均能正常生长和形成孢晶。醋酸钠－抗生素方法的可操作浓度为每克土壤稀土２０倍,较醋酸钠     

应用绿僵菜油剂防治内蒙草原蝗虫的效果

１９９９年在内蒙古草原进行了用绿僵菌油剂超低量喷雾防治蝗虫的试验。表明,对５种蝗虫（亚洲小车蝗、红翅皱膝蝗、毛足棒角蝗、白边痂蝗、轮纹异痂蝗）的防效显著。喷药后８天,对主要蝗虫亚洲小车蝗（占混合虫口的９２．２％）的防盗和达４８．０％,１２天后增至８８．１％。蝗虫死亡后２～３天,失水形成僵虫,７～１０天虫尸上出现绿色粉 绿例题菌孢子。孢子的扩散有可能继续起着控制蝗虫虫口的作用。     

旱地芝麻新品种陕芝3号的选育

陕芝３号是用冀芝１号芝麻作母本,子洲芝麻作父本,通过有性杂交选育成的旱地芝麻新品种。该品种属单杆型,籽粒白色,生育期９５ｄ,叶片宽大,叶色深绿,一叶三花,节间短,结果密,单株萌果数１７８个,抗病性强,抗旱抗倒伏,丰产性突出,平均比对照增产１３．９％以上,含油率５４．４２％,是旱地夏播或春播具有重要推广价值的芝麻优良新品种。     

Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.     

黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼适宜投喂频率的研究

为探明黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)幼鱼适宜投喂频率,选择体重为(1.80±0.08)g的幼鱼进行养殖试验。试验设计5个组(F1、F2、F3、F4、F5组),投喂频率分别为1(06:00),2(06:00、18:00),3(06:00、12:00、18:00),4(06:00、10:00、14:00、18:00)和5次/d(06:00、09:00、12:00、15:00、18:00),每组设3个平行,共计15个养殖桶,每桶随机放50尾试验鱼。试验观察不同投喂频率下黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、形体指标、肌肉成分及肠道消化酶活性的变化情况。试验周期为60 d。结果显示:1)各组试验鱼终末体重、增重率、摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均随投喂频率增加呈上升趋势,F3、F4、F5组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于F1、F2组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);其中F3组饲料系数最低,蛋白质效率最高。2)F3、F4、F5组肝体指数显著低于F2组(P<0.05),脏体指数显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),各组间肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着投喂频率的增加,试验鱼肌肉中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量逐渐上升,水分含量逐渐下降,F3、F4、F5组肌肉中粗脂肪、粗灰分含量显著高于F1组(P<0.05),水分含量显著低于F1、F2组(P<0.05),3组间上述指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)各组肠道中胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性随投喂频率增加呈下降趋势,胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性先降后升,F1、F2组各消化酶活性显著高于F3、F4、F5组(P<0.05),F3、F4、F5组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合上述指标并考虑养殖成本,建议黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼适宜投喂频率为3次/d。     

3种介导猪NR2F2基因转染PK15细胞方法的比较研究

试验旨在研究3种转染方法对猪肾上皮细胞（PK15）的转染效率,为以PK15细胞为模型研究外源基因的功能提供参考。本研究以PK15细胞为研究对象,用脂质体、电穿孔、慢病毒3种转染方法转染后,在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测EGFP和NR2F2基因的表达情况,采用CCK-8检测细胞存活率,进而比较3种方法的转染效果。结果显示,转染PK15细胞后,电穿孔和慢病毒方法转染效率极显著高于脂质体（P<0.01）,但电穿孔方法和慢病毒方法之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;EGFP和NR2F2基因的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示慢病毒方法效果最好,脂质体方法较差,与细胞转染效率基本一致;CCK-8结果显示,电穿孔转染后细胞存活率最低,极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,脂质体方法显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,慢病毒方法与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合考虑转染效率及细胞活性,本研究认为慢病毒转染方法最适合转染PK15细胞,为今后高效转染PK15细胞提供了理想的方法。     

淀粉与油脂对妊娠母猪糖脂代谢及其繁殖性能影响的研究进展

妊娠后期随着胎儿生长速度和乳腺发育加快,母猪机体代谢强度逐渐增加,机体糖脂代谢失衡,出现代谢紊乱。能量占整个日粮成分的70%以上,选择适当的日粮能量来源以调节糖脂代谢的平衡是提高母猪繁殖效率的有效方法。淀粉与油脂作为母猪日粮主要能量来源,均可显著影响后备母猪的初情期启动或经产母猪的繁殖性能,但以母猪本身的糖脂代谢特征为出发点,评述不同来源与水平的淀粉或油脂对母猪繁殖性能的影响鲜有总结报道。文章首先综述了母猪妊娠期糖脂代谢特点和代谢机制,简述了妊娠期代谢紊乱对母猪繁殖性能的不良影响,介绍了淀粉与油脂在母体的吸收及代谢特点,对比分析了不同水平与来源的淀粉和油脂对母猪产仔性能和泌乳性能的影响。最后,为最大化提高猪场经济效益,根据实际生产目的,总结了选择合适能量来源的依据。该综述旨在选择日粮适宜水平和来源的淀粉和油脂以期为提高母猪繁殖效率提供数据支持和理论指导。     

长柄扁桃良种‘中扁2号’

‘中扁2号’长柄扁桃是从包头市固阳县高产优良母树的半同胞子代中筛选出的高产优良单株培育的新品种。果实较大,扁圆形,成熟时紫红色,平均单仁质量0.28 g。在内蒙古地区,果实成熟期为7—8月。盛果期平均单株种仁产量0.19 ~ 0.21 kg,折合463.5 ~ 529.5 kg • hm-2。采用嫁接繁殖,适宜在内蒙古自治区多地种植。     

水果番茄新品种“晶杏”的选育

晶杏是由XS12为母本、CM14为父本杂交而成,为无限生长型,生长势旺盛,中熟,果实淡黄色,高圆形,单果质量约50 g。色泽亮丽,坐果率高,坐果整齐一致,果实大小均匀。丰产性好,口味佳,抗裂果,高抗叶枯病和枯萎病。产量约达97.5 t·hm^-2,是目前栽培的理想樱桃番茄品种,适合于内蒙古中部地区早秋、早春日光温室和大棚越夏栽培。