蜂胶抗菌效果影响的研究

以乙醇浸出提取的蜂胶和CO2超临界萃取提取的蜂胶为材料,测定了两种蜂胶的效果和最低抑菌浓度。结果表明:两种蜂胶对大肠埃希氏杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌和紫色癣菌都有一定抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度为1.54～3.08mg/mL。     

发酵床技术在肉鸡养殖中的应用研究

将7 500只肉鸡随机分成2组,一组采用普通养殖技术饲养,另一组采用发酵床技术饲养.严格按照既定方案,每天记录肉鸡的耗料量、死亡只数、体重.通过45 d的统计数据,结果表明,采用发酵床技术比采用普通养殖技术养鸡在降低料肉比、改善饲养环境、降低死亡率和药物投入等各方面都有明显的改善和提高.     

芒属(Miscanthus)植物种质资源研究进展

芒属植物属禾本科多年生高大草类,多分布于热带非洲至亚洲东南部。近年来在欧美国家受到广泛的关注,被认为是一种开发潜力巨大的生物质能源。本文查阅近年国内外相关文献,对芒属植物的生境、分布、遗传多样性、光合特性、抗性生理生化、繁殖学、饲草利用以及作为能源植物的研究等方面做了综述,并展望了其研究前景,旨在推动芒属种质资源的研究。     

CTMAB改性膨润土的试验研究

试验采用CTMAB改性膨润土制备有机膨润土,并用有机膨润土吸附废水中的TNT验证改性效果。通过研究制备有机膨润土时的CTMAB的浓度、振荡频率、时间、pH值和温度对其的影响,并以正交试验确定制备有机膨润土的最佳工艺条件。进一步采用单因素试验来确定各因素对改性结果的影响,结果与正交试验结果吻合。试验结果表明,它们对制备有机膨润土的影响顺序是CTMAB浓度〉pH值〉振荡频率〉温度;确定的最佳工艺条件为：CTMAB的浓度为2%,温度为60℃,振荡频率为120r/min,最佳pH值为7,此时的TNT去除率最好,达到96.02%。     

夏枯草注射液抗炎和抗菌作用的研究

为研究夏枯草注射液的抗炎及抗菌作用,用二甲苯、蛋清分别造成小鼠和大鼠炎症模型来考察夏枯草注射液的抗炎作用,通过体外、体内抑菌试验来评价其抗菌作用。结果显示,夏枯草注射液能显著抑制Z-甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,体外抗菌试验表明该注射液对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、溶血性链球菌有较好的抑菌作用,并对腹腔注射肺炎双球菌ATCC27853引起小鼠死亡有保护作用。夏枯草注射液具有抗炎、抗菌作用,可为该药的临床应用与机制研究提供理论依据。     

The Fluorescent Characterization and Analysis of Two Brucella Attenuated Vaccine Infecting Mouse Macrophagocyte

The experiment was conducted to discuss the difference of binding time of green fluorescent protein B.melitensis M5 (GFP-M5) and B.abortus S19 (GFP-S19) infecting the mouse macrophagocyte (RAW264.7),lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body in the initial stage and compare the binding rate of GFP-M5,GFP-S19 with organelle in different timeline,respectively,by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and flow cytometry.The result showed that GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were successfully constructed.The intracellular survival ability of Brucella M5,Brucella S19,GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were not obvisouly affected after infecting RAW264.7.GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 could enter the macrophagocyte in 30 mins,and in 2 h the Brucella could reach lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body.In addition,the binding time for two attenuated vaccine did not show differences in 1,2,3 and 4 h.The content of GFP⁺ cell produced by RAW264.7 infected by GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 did not show significant differences (P>0.05).Therefore,the two strains did not have significant differences in the invasion ability in the initial stage of infecting host cell.     

青藏高原老芒麦野生种群生态特性与形态变异研究

对青藏高原老芒麦野生种群生态分布特性和形态学变异研究表明:(1)老芒麦在青藏高原地区分布广泛,群落生境可初步划分为高山亚高山草甸型、河谷草地型和森林灌丛型;群落组成以高山红柳+老芒麦+发草、沙棘+老芒麦+蒿类、老芒麦+锦鸡儿+鹅观草、老芒麦+披碱草+多节雀麦4种类型最多。(2)野生老芒麦种群形态学性状具广泛变异,其中与牧草产量和种子产量相关的形态性状变异较大,与分类相关的指标变异程度较小。(3)聚类分析将不同形态的老芒麦聚为三大类群,聚类结果除与海拔有一定关系外,与其地理分布的一致性不明显。(4)主成分分析表明,内外颖长、内外颖芒长、旗叶宽、倒二叶片长、株高、内外稃长、外稃芒长、内外稃宽、穗中部节上每小穗的小花数、穗长、叶色、茎粗、灰度和穗中部节上的小穗数是引起老芒麦形态分化的主要指标。     

牧草产业是我国家兔产业可持续发展的重要支撑

针对我国家免规模化养殖的快速发展,牧草作为家兔生产主要饲料原料来源,供需矛盾日益突出.本文重点从家兔消化生理特点、兔产品安全生产、农民增收、需求现状与问题等方面进行了论述,并提出了相应对策.     

氯前列醇钠、产前背膘厚及便秘对后备母猪同期分娩效果的影响

试验旨在研究氯前列醇钠、产前背膘厚、便秘对后备母猪同期分娩集中度和生产性能的影响,并进一步探讨母猪同期分娩的最优方案。选取后备母猪共295头,根据妊娠期110 d时P2点处的背膘厚,随机分为3组：对照组（CON组：0.9%生理盐水）、低剂量氯前列醇钠组（LPG组：0.1 mg氯前列醇钠）、高剂量氯前列醇钠组（HPG组：0.2 mg氯前列醇钠）,于妊娠期114 d进行阴户部注射诱导分娩。结果表明,与对照组相比,高、低剂量氯前列醇钠均可显著缩短母猪从注射到分娩的时间间隔（P<0.05）,且两试验组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。但是,LPG组后备母猪在注射氯前列醇钠后48 h内的分娩率高达95%,并且白天分娩率达75.7%。此外,LPG组后备母猪的产仔间隔也显著短于CON组（P<0.05）。同时本研究发现,背膘厚在16~20 mm范围内的后备母猪从注射到分娩的时间间隔显著短于背膘厚≤15 mm的后备母猪（P<0.05）;便秘指数0~1.0组后备母猪的产程和产仔间隔均显著大于便秘指数1.1~2.0组及2.1~3.0组的后备母猪（P<0.05）。进一步回归分析发现,母猪背膘厚分别与产程、总产仔数、活仔数存在极显著线性相关（P<0.01）,母猪便秘指数分别与产程、产仔间隔、总产仔数、活仔数存在极显著线性相关（P<0.01）。综上所述,在妊娠期114 d对后备母猪阴户部注射0.1 mg氯前列醇钠诱导分娩,不仅可显著加快母猪分娩的进程,而且还可大大节约药物成本。此外,母猪产前背膘厚和便秘均会影响母猪同期分娩的效果,应使母猪分娩前保持最佳的背膘厚（16~20 mm）,且避免母猪便秘,方可保证同期分娩的顺利实施。     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.