Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits

AIM:To investigate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits. METHODS:Test substances were administered intravenously into a marginal ear vein. Temperature responses were measured using rectal thermistor probes. RESULTS:Endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) stimulated a biphasic rise in colonic temperature. Pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide significantly attenuated the biphasic febrile response to endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) of conscious rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. Rabbits treated with dimethyl sulfoxide 10 min after injection of endotoxin developed fever, which was significantly milder compared with rabbits treated with an equal volume of normal saline. No significant differences were found between thermal response index of rabbits injected with dimethyl sulfoxide and those with normal saline. CONCLUSION:Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibit endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits.     

Regulation of‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rats

AIM: To investigate the regulation of ‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’(TGFY) on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat . METHODS:The stressed rat model was made by bandage. RIA was adopted to measure the function of hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal gland axis (HPAA) of stressed rat. Meanwhile, the immunity of stressed rat and the regulation of TGFY were observed.RESULTS:Bandage stress increased the contents of serum corticosterone(CORT), and ACTH, and hypothalamus corticotropin releasing hormone (P＜0.01 or 0.05), which suggested that the excitability of HPAA was enhanced. In addition, bandage stress reduced spleen lymphocyte proliferation (P＜0.01) and decreased H₂O₂ releasing from the macrophages significantly (P＜0.01). While TGFY could decrease HPAA excitability of bandage-stressed rat and strengthen its immunity. CONCLUSION:TGFY could regulate disorder of neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat.     

CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

玉米小斑病抗性种质鉴定及生理生化分析

以200份玉米优良自交系为材料,2022-2023年夏分别进行小斑病菌的田间接种,综合两年数据共鉴定出高抗小斑病的玉米自交系3份,分别为K22、CML50和齐319;筛选到包括Mo17在内的抗性玉米自交系24份。选取K22和B73两个具有不同抗性水平的玉米自交系进行小斑病菌的室内接种。结果表明,48 h和72 h时,自交系K22叶片的病斑数、病斑面积和病斑面积比等各项指标均显著优于自交系B73,进一步验证田间鉴定的准确性。48 h或72 h时,高抗小斑病自交系K22与感病对照B73相比,5种防御酶活性增加14.32%～70.45%。     

三江平原湿地开垦对地表水中可溶性铁分布特征的影响

选取三江平原湿地开垦前后具有代表性的地表水类型,以空间换时间的方法对比分析了湿地开垦对地表水中可溶性铁（WSIFe）含量与形态分布的影响。结果表明,在田块尺度上,湿地地表积水、排水中WSIFe的含量均值分别为2.20、1.75mg·L^-1;开垦为大豆田后地表无积水,排水中降为1.34mg·L^-1;开垦为水田后分别增加为2.76、2.38mg·L^-1,这与使用铁含量较高的地下水灌溉有关。在区域尺度上,虽然湿地开垦导致沼泽性河流中WSIFe含量降低,但目前含量（均值为0.66mg·L^-1）仍高于黑龙江（0.34mg·L^-1）,是黑龙江WSIFe的重要来源;农田排水干渠中WSIFe含量均值为0.42mg·L^-1,也是黑龙江WSIFe的来源之一,但其贡献量低于沼泽性河流;湿地开垦减少了地表水中WSIFe向黑龙江的输出。湿地开垦后地表水中Fe^3＋的相对含量在田块尺度上出现增加,在区域尺度上有所降低,湿地开垦前后地表水中WSIFe的主要存在形态均为Fe^3＋。无论是田块尺度还是区域尺度,湿地开垦后地表水中WSIFe含量的季节变化都与灌溉活动有关。     

粳稻品种间种子贮藏蛋白多态性分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对115个不同生态型粳稻品种种子贮藏蛋白多态性进行了分析.根据相对分子质量为65×103带的有无,70×103、60×103、57×103、37×103～39×103、22×103～23×103、13×103 、10×103带染色的深浅, 35×103带迁移的速率,及57×103位置带的数量这4种蛋白谱带变异,共鉴别出19种蛋白图谱类型.品种间蛋白谱带相似系数范围在0.75～1.00之间,采用类平均法进行聚类分析,在相似系数0.894处明显地可以将供试品种分为3组:第1组为8个高直链淀粉含量的品种;第2组为15个高贮藏蛋白含量的品种;其他92个品种为第3组,占供试品种的80%.除了中熟中粳生态型与高直链淀粉含量组有关联外,依据熟期划分的生态型与依据贮藏蛋白聚类分析划分的组之间没有明确的关联.     

栀子苷的降糖作用和对PPARγ受体的激活

葡萄糖消耗试验表明,栀子苷能显著促进前脂肪细胞对葡萄糖的吸收。小鼠荷糖试验和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖试验证实,栀子苷具有剂量依赖性降低小鼠餐后血糖及糖尿病高血糖的作用。通过基于PPARγ受体信号通路的报告基因诱导表达试验,发现栀子苷在体内外的降糖功效,可能与过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ的激活有关。     

2006年特大干旱条件下森林植被对土壤水分的影响

2006年四川发生了百年一遇的特大干旱。于旱期结束末,调查了蓬安县境内两座丘陵-石马寨(栎柏混交林)和碉堡梁(人工柏木林)上、中、下坡林地和林带中耕地及坡脚农田的土壤含水量;调查了四川盆地丘陵区内5个县9个乡镇17个小流域有无农田防护林条件下,稻田开裂起始时间和裂缝宽;以及按照自然地理条件相近、森林覆盖率有较大差异的原则,调查了宣汉县和达县5对乡镇(森林覆盖率高的乡镇森林覆盖率为28.26%～46.85%,平均为37.24%,相对应的低的乡镇森林覆盖率为12.75%～26.74%,平均为18.64%)内不同台地的土壤含水量。结果表明,混交林林地的保水能力强于纯林林地,林地的保水能力强于耕地,农田防护林对水稻具有庇护作用,森林覆盖率高的地区土壤保水能力强于森林覆盖率低的地区土壤。在干旱期末坡上、中、下部位的0～40 cm土层中,栎柏混交林林地的含水量比柏木纯林林地高出3%～7%,林地的土壤含水量比林带中的耕地高出0.7%～2.1%;栎柏混交林带中的耕地含水量比柏木纯林带中的耕地高出3%～6%,石马寨的坡脚农田含水量比碉堡梁的高出5%;在干旱期末不同台地0～40 cm土层中,与森林覆盖率低的地区相比,森林覆盖率高的地区水稻田含水量高3%～7%,二台土高4%～8%,三台土高2%～8%;有农田防护林的农田土壤开裂时间比无农田防护林的推迟5 d～20 d,裂口宽平均窄0.1 cm～3.1 cm。     

利用昆虫性信息素防治杨树蛀干害虫技术试验

本文通过在四旁、林网释放这两种害虫的昆虫性信息素对害虫的生物学特性、防治效果进行了试验性研究。通过试验表明这两种害虫的性信息素在害虫监测预报方面应用价值极高、防治效果十分显著,其杀虫效果、防治成本等方面均优于常规方法,具有极大的推广价值。