农业机器人移动平台的研究现状与发展趋势

简要介绍了农业机器人在农业信息化智能化中的重要地位以及机器人移动机构的类型,综述了当今农业机器人移动平台的研究现状,展望了今后这一领域的发展趋势。     

农村供水工程水质检测模式研究

做好农村供水工程水质检测工作对保障农村供水水质安全至关重要,但它同时也是农村供水的薄弱环节,针对如何建立农村供水工程的水质检测模式开展研究与探讨。明确了农村供水工程水质检测的目标任务,分析了当前农村供水工程水质检测的现状与存在问题,从水质检测指标的选择、水质检测项目与频率的确定、水质检测设备的配备、水质检测人员的配置和监管、水质检测反馈机制的构建等几个方面提出了构建农村供水工程水质检测模式的建议,以期帮助提高农村供水工程的水质检测能力,保障农村供水水质安全。     

低温驯化对菜豆内源多胺含量及其合成分解基因表达的影响

以7个菜豆品种为试材,采用对冷害指数以及相对电解质渗透率进行测定的方式,筛选出耐低温型菜豆品种和低温敏感型菜豆品种,并对其低温驯化过程中内源多胺含量进行测定,研究了腐胺、亚精胺和精胺在响应低温驯化过程中含量的变化,以及对多胺合成分解酶基因表达量的影响,以期为今后菜豆外施多胺缓解低温胁迫提供参考依据.结果 表明:在低温驯化过程中2个品种叶片中腐胺和亚精胺的含量有明显增加,而精胺含量变化规律不明显.在低温驯化过程多胺合成酶基因ADC表达量上升,ODC表达量变化不明显,SAMDC表达量升高,SPDS和SPMS在2个品种中表现不一致;多胺分解酶基因DAO和PAO表达量上升,SMO在2个品种中表现不一致.综上所述,腐胺和亚精胺在植物体内的积累可能与提高菜豆苗期耐低温性有较大关系,并且它们的积累可能与ADC、SAMDS、DAO和PAO的表达水平有关.     

'寒富'苹果干简易加工技术探讨与营销分析

以'寒富'苹果为试材,采用热风干燥制作方法,分别用60、70和80℃烘干处理6、8、10h,烘干后进行真空包装、带封口塑料袋包装、保鲜袋包装和不包装处理,探究苹果干简易加工方法及分析销售前景.结果 表明,冬季'寒富'苹果去皮后在70℃条件下烘干10 h制成的苹果干软硬、酸甜、色泽和口感均好于其他处理,夏季80C条件下烘干10h效果略好于其他处理,但整体口感不如冬季处理.在包装上,简易真空包装对于保持果干质量、延长销售时间等效果好于其他处理.城市近郊观光采摘果园、专业合作社采用优化后的方法加工制作苹果干,作为待客零食及乡土地域特色产品销售,具有较大的增加果园收益空间.     

燕麦饲草多组分营养差异分析

为挖掘利用高营养燕麦饲草种质资源,将源自以色列不同地区的23份野生燕麦生态型和3份燕麦栽培品种种植于四川甘孜、贵州贵阳、四川成都3个环境,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期进行刈割处理,并测定其酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(F)、半纤维素(HF)、木质素(L)、洗涤纤维中性...     

基于CiteSpace的土壤养分-蚯蚓研究的知识图谱分析

土壤是人类赖以生存和社会发展的重要基础资源,是自然生态系统中的重要组成部分。对土壤养分以及土壤生物的相关研究具有重要的理论基础意义,相关研究也越来越多,但缺少系统的文献梳理,对研究领域的发展趋势及热点演变特征认识不足。基于文献计量学软件CiteSpace及CNKI数据库的文献数据,对文献的发文量、作者群、发文机构、关键词及突现等进行聚类可视化分析。结果表明,从2001年开始发表以土壤养分与土壤动物相关关系为研究对象的论文,且发文量随时间推移每年均有所增加,至2016年该研究领域的论文发文量保持相对稳定。研究机构以高校为主,主要包括南京农业大学、中国科学院大学、中国农业大学和中国科学院南京土壤研究所等;近20年的土壤养分-蚯蚓研究中土壤质量和群落结构这2个关键词是2001—2021年最具有突发性的研究热点,从2020年开始对土壤健康的研究是一个新方向。     

Reproductive polyphenism and its advantages in aphids: Switching between sexual and asexual reproduction

Reproductive polyphenism, which allows one genotype to produce sexual and asexual morphs, is an extreme case of phenotypic plasticity and is commonly observed in aphids. Aphids are typical species that switch these reproductive modes, and the pathway orientation is triggered by the environmental conditions(mainly photoperiod and temperature). The typical annual life of aphids includes a succession of parthenogenetic generations during the spring and summer and a single sexual generation in autumn. In this review, we describe how the environmental cues orientate the reproductive mode of aphids from photoperiodic perception to endocrine regulation, and how juvenile hormones may act on the target cells(oocytes) to initiate the gametogenesis and embryogenesis in sexual and asexual reproduction. We also discuss the paradox of sex, especially the advantages of sexual reproduction in aphids. With the recent development of genomic resources in aphids, many potential genes involved in the reproductive polyphenism will enter the public's awareness. In particular, we describe a novel RNAi method in aphids, which may provide a molecular technique for determining the developmental fate and multiple reproductive strategies.     

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用

室内测定了黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性。结果表明,黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性与其处理浓度具有一定的相关性。与对照相比,处理组食物消耗量减少,幼虫生长发育被抑制,发育历期延长。处理组幼虫在蛹期不能正常化蛹而形成畸形蛹,羽化后的成虫表现为形态畸形。在预蛹期和蛹期由于不能正常蜕皮导致死亡率较高。研究显示黄蝉花素作为一类新型的昆虫生长发育控制剂或害虫田间种群管理的先导化合物值得进一步研究。     

Advance in study of batokines

Brown adipose tissue is a type of adipose tissue and is present in all mammals. It is not only the main site for adaptive thermogenesis in vivo, but also secretes and releases many cytokines in the form of endocrine to regulate a variety of metabolic processes and prevent and treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Therefore, identification of the types and effects of brown adipocytokines (batokines) may be crucial for the treatment of a variety of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Based on the latest research progress, batokines and their functions are reviewed.     

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy activates CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to reduce synaptic damage in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer disease mice

AIM To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on synaptic damage of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 transgenic (TG) mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS The 6-month-old male APP/PS1 TG mice were randomly divided into TG group, HBO group and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor H89 group, with 10 mice in each group. Ten male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice of the same age were used as negative control group (WT group). The mice in HBO and H89 groups were treated with HBO for 6 cycles, while the mice in WT group and TG group were not treated. The learning and memory abilities were observed by Morris water maze. The nesting ability of the mice was detected by nesting test. The Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons were observed by Nissl staining. The mRNA expression of CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of synapsin (SYN), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), CREB, phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and BDNF in the hippocampus were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with WT group, the learning and memory abilities of the mice in TG group were signilficantly reduced (P<0.05). In addition, the nesting score, the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal neurons, the mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF, and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with TG group, the learning and memory abilities of the mice in HBO group were improved (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the nesting scores of the mice were significantly increased (P<0.05), the neurons in the hippocampus were arranged neatly, and the number of Nissl bodies, the relative mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF,and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with HBO group, the mice in H89 group had poor learning and memory abilities, lowered nesting scores and decreased number of Nissl bodies. Futhermore, the relative mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF, and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION HBO improves the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 TG mice, and its mechanism may be related to activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to reduce synaptic damage of hippocampal neurons in mice.