Evaluation Method of Solubility of Wheat Straw in LiCl/DMSO Solvent北大核心CSCD

In order to solve the quantitative problem of the solubility of lignocellulosic biomass in the solvent system, wheat straw was studied as raw material for a ball milling time on its dissolution behavior in the LiCl/DMSO system. The dissolution performance was evaluated by visual method, optical microscopy and turbidity method respectively. By comparison of visual colorimetry method and the optical microscopy method at the condition of wheat straw dissolved in 8% LiCl/DMSO, it was found that the turbidimetric method is accurate, simple and quantitative. The turbidimetric method can be used to evaluate the dissolution behavior of lignocellulosic biomass during pretreatment and refining. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

马尾松林不同恢复阶段林分结构和植物多样性的研究

选择3种不同恢复阶段的马尾松林地,研究其林分空间结构及植物多样性的差异.结果表明:马尾松林在空间结构上,以二阶段多度值最高,三阶段最低;高度级结构分布上,一阶段立木主要集中在低立木级别的1级和2级上,二阶段立木主要集中在中等立木级别的3级上,三阶段立木主要集中分布于3级和4级上;径阶级结构上,从一阶段到三阶段,1级、2级和3级小树呈逐渐减少的趋势,5级、6级中、大径级树呈逐渐增加的趋势;多样性分析结果也表明从一阶段到三阶段多样性指数总体上呈增加趋势.     

世界溶解浆生产消费情况及未来发展趋势

文中总结分析了1961—2017年世界溶解浆生产和消费情况。溶解浆的生产和消费呈现由发达国家（地区）向发展中国家（地区）转移的趋势短期内不会改变。溶解浆生产属于技术和资金密集型产业,随着中国和印度等发展中国家制浆造纸工业的技术进步,溶解浆的生产量将增加,进口占比逐年降低。世界溶解浆的生产和消费量在今后若干年内仍呈增长趋势。2017年世界溶解浆的消耗量为792.9万t,进口量占比为64.3%。乐观预测到2030年世界溶解浆消费量将达到1 230万t,在2017年的基础上增加60%。中国是世界最大的溶解浆生产国、进口国和消费国,但溶解浆的生产成本居高不下,浆料品质不够稳定,与先进国家存在一定差距。亟待投入研究力量,开发适宜的溶解浆生产工艺,提升溶解浆质量并降低生产成本。     

Impact of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in parkland and alley farming systems in semiarid Burkina Faso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in farmed parkland and in alley farming, both in semiarid Burkina Faso.Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was studied in the parklands, while neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) andLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) were investigated in the alley farming system. The crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in both cases.Under non-coppiced neem trees in the parkland, the sorghum yield at 0–3 m distance from the tree (under the tree canopy) was 82% of open field yields at 6–9 m distance, but the difference was not significant (p=0.07). Close to trees (0–3 m distance) which had been coppiced before planting, the sorghum yield was 148% of open field yields. In alley farming, early coppicing was superior; sorghum yields were highest close to trees coppiced early and lowest close to trees coppiced late.

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Résumé La présente étude se propose d'évaluer les effets de la taille sur la concurrence entre arbres et cultures dans les parcs arborés et dans les cultures en couloir, en climat semiaride (Burkina Faso). Les espèces étudiées ont été:Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) dans les parcs et neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) ainsi queLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) dans les cultures en couloir. Dans les deux cas la plante cultivée concerné a été le sorgho blanc (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).Sous les neems non taillés des parcs, le rendement du sorgho cultivé de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre (sous le bouppier de l'arbre) a atteint 82% du rendement obtenu en plein champ, soit à une distance de 6 à 9 m de l'arbre (différence non significative,p=0.07). Une taille effectuée en début de campagne a entraîné un accroissement du rendement de 148% pour les cultures situées de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre, par rapport aux rendements en plein champ.Dans les cultures en couloir, on a constaté qu'une taille precoce est préférable, c'est à dire que les rendements de sorgho ont été supérieurs dans les lignes proches des arbres taillés tôt que dans celles proches des arbres taillés tard.

     

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryogenesis II. Maturation of somatic embryos and plant regeneration

Maturation of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) somatic embryos was achieved using two protocols, each starting with a different agar incubation step to deplete plant growth regulators (PGRs) used in previous cultural steps. Strength of maturation medium (single vs. double) was found important in the first protocol to develop normal, mature embryos. In the second protocol, abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations (0, 15 and 30 M) and carbohydrate sources were tested for embryo maturation. Thirty M ABA and 6% maltose were deemed the best combination. Embryo germination was accomplished in a continuously lighted environment and embryos receiving a cold pretreatment (4 °C in darkness for 16 days) germinated better than embryos which did not receive cold pretreatment. With a survival rate of 33% after acclimation in a mist system, more than 25 plants from somatic embryos have been established in a greenhouse. Incompletely germinated embryos (lacking roots) were rooted via adventitious rooting techniques and subsequently established in the greenhouse. All established plants obtained from somatic embryogenesis appear normal in morphology.     

芥菜吸收积累重金属研究进展

指出了土壤重金属污染状况和由此导致的蔬菜重金属污染风险不容忽视。针对不同品种芥菜吸收和积累重金属的特性、吸收机制以及应用方面进行了综述,为研究芥菜吸收积累重金属的机理和应用提供参考。     

Analysis of essential oil in Asternovi-belgii

IntroductionTheasternovi-beIgiihasbehavedm0readvantageincoldresistanceinplantingexperiments.ButitistendingtobeeIiminatedf0rlatefl0weringtime,simpIedesignandc0lorandsma[Ierflowers.TheDendran-themaxgeandthegr0winginnorthernhasc0l0rfuIdesignandfragrant.Thec0l0rfuIdesignsandfragrantD~nthemaxgr8nddergrowinginnortherncon-tainsmanykindsofmedicaImattersiniti.essential0il(Yang1997andLiu1996),butithasIowerability0fcoldresistancethanasternovi-belgii.lnordertobreednewvarietiesandmakecIeartherelation…     

毛竹退笋的营养分析及不同时期营养成分的变化规律

毛竹是我国的主要竹种之一,毛竹笋是南方地区主要的林源蔬菜,然而毛竹退笋是影响竹林可持续经营的重要因素.仅有部分退笋用来加工笋干,大量的退笋没有得到利用.试验利用食品营养成分的分析方法,对毛竹退笋的营养成分进行了测定,以期开拓退笋的利用.结果是,毛竹退笋的总糖及还原糖含量低于健壮笋;退笋的蛋白含量为6.03%～6.97%,高于健壮笋;退笋的氨基酸总量明显高于健壮笋,尤其是Asp、Ser、Tyr3种氨基酸;退笋中草酸明显积累;退笋富含钙、镁、铁、锌等微量元素.结论是:毛竹退笋有很高的营养价值,也可加工成竹笋食品.     

鄂西山地马尾松林水文效应研究

为了定量评价马尾松林的综合水文功能,对鄂西山地区内的马尾松林林冠截留、枯落物截留和林地土壤蓄流等关键水文效应进行了观测研究。结果表明：林冠截留率为19.14%,树干茎流率为0.48%;林冠截留量与降雨量呈幂函数关系,林内透雨、树干茎流分别与降雨量呈线性关系;枯落物最大持水率为224.23%,土壤贮水力为291.63t/...