An analysis of wet deposition of sulfate using a trajectory model for East Asia

A long-range transport model for East Asia was developed to estimate the wet deposition of sulfate. The model is a trajectory type which is appropriate for long-term analysis. Trajectories of air masses are calculated by tracing the wind field which changes spatially and temporally. The processes of reactions, rainout removal, intake of sulfate in cloud water into rain water, and dry and wet depositions are considered. It is possible to calculate the concentration of sulfate in precipitation at a receptor by performing material balance in a grid box containing the receptor.The results obtained by the long-range transport model were evaluated through comparison with observation data of acidic deposition. The observation was conducted at 21 stations throughout Japan for one year. The calculated amount of wet deposition of sulfate in Japan was 0.22Tg/y in S equivalent, while the observed amount was 0.29Tg/y. The long-range transport model can predict almost 80% of observed wet deposition. The contributions of domestic anthropogenic sources and volcanic eruption to wet deposition of sulfate in Japan were estimated using the longrange transport model. The ratio of the deposition of sulfate due to Japanese anthropogenic sources to that due to the Asian continental sources was about 1 to 2. Since air stream from the direction of the Asian continent dominates during winter, the contribution of Japan to wet deposition in the region which faces the Sea of Japan amounted to less than 15%. The contribution of the sulfur oxides from volcanoes was about 20%.     

Effective alleviation of Cd stress to microbial communities in mining reclamation soils by thiourea-modified biochar amendment

Reclaimed soils in mining area usually display low fertility and present Cd stress. The amendment of modified biochar effectively fixes Cd in soils,enhances soil fertility, and reduces Cd stress in soil microorganisms. However, the effect of thiourea-modified biochar(TBC) on microbial adaptability to Cd stress in mining reclamation soils is still unclear. The present work studied the Cd immobilization and microbial community changes in a mining reclamation soil displaying extreme Cd contaminatio...     

自吸式复合滚筒稻麦割前脱粒装置的设计

传统联合收获机的收获工艺大多是全喂入方式,采用先切割后脱粒,易造成堵塞、脱粒不净及谷粒难以分离等现象,使收获的工作效率受到一定限制,且存在机器体积大、制造成本高、功率消耗大等缺点。自吸式复合滚筒稻麦割前脱粒装置采用先脱粒后切割方式,在喂入口产生大气负压力,将稻麦穗头吸入脱粒装置内对吸入的穗头进行梳刷摘穗,摘下的穗头经过弓齿、钩齿与栅格式凹板筛进行2次梳刷与揉搓脱粒,同时穗头在随脱粒滚筒旋转时与脱粒滚筒筛表面纹理发生摩擦,进行辅助脱粒。     

连杆类锻件成形分析的三维网格生成方法

采用双三次均匀Ｂ样条曲面方法，研究了连杆类锻件模过程有限元分析的三维网格自动生成，提出了一种基于参数曲面事的三维网格自动生成方法，研究结果表明，该方法可以同锻件边界曲面几何描述相结合，简便易行，可实现三维网格的自动剖分。     

提高阅卷与试题分析速度的有效方法探讨

分析了核对、打孔、光照透明、光电机器阅读和扫描等几种快速手工和自动阅卷评分方法。采用我校目前广泛使用的“成绩记载”中的浮动“阅卷面板”鼠标点击，以及自动阅读机与“成绩记载”间的“数据转换”程序，可大大提高成绩录入、成绩分析和试题分析速度。     

4类除草剂对土壤酶活性的影响研究进展

旨在阐述除草剂对土壤环境的影响,以期为科学有效地使用除草剂并减轻其对环境的危害,以及为农业生产提供理论依据.分析了施用氯乙酰苯胺类、苯氧乙酸类、二苯醚类以及二硝基苯胺类除草剂的使用情况以及危害,总结了4类除草剂对土壤酶活性的影响,最后提出了关于除草剂降解需要解决的问题并对未来修复除草剂污染的土壤研究趋势进行了展望.     

外来植物豚草入侵对土壤碳氮转化的影响

选取撂荒田地为试验样地,以入侵植物豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.）为对象,以土著优势物种窃衣（Torilis scabra Thunb.）为参照,通过对入侵植物和土著植物根际土壤的采样分析,研究了入侵植物对入侵地土壤特性及土壤碳氮转化的影响。结果表明,与土著物种窃衣相比,豚草入侵使土壤有机质含量增加89.13%,全氮含量增加42.15%,铵态氮含量增加43.69%,硝态氮含量增加35.36%,微生物量碳增加52.08%,微生物量氮增加61.26%,氮净矿化速率增加1.41倍,氮净氨化速率增加206倍,但硝化速率和反硝化速率变化不明显。由此可见,豚草显著改变了入侵地土壤的理化特性,加速了土壤碳氮转化过程。     

辽宁苗期玉米根叶对水分胁迫的响应

为了提炼辽宁春玉米苗期干旱胁迫影响的定量化评价指标,以‘丹玉39’为试验材料,采用盆栽称重控水法,对不同水平土壤含水量对春玉米苗期根叶生长的影响进行研究。结果表明：正常（75%）和偏湿（85%）水分条件下玉米具有较高的株高,茎粗和叶面积。干旱胁迫下,玉米生长发育受到抑制,株高降低、茎粗变细、根系和地上部的生物量降低,叶片光合面积减小,根冠比增大。但一定程度的干旱（55%）有利于根系下扎,增大根冠比。干旱胁迫对玉米的株高和根系的生长发育有较大的影响,地上生物量受干旱胁迫影响大于根系。     

海南省对虾育苗海水净化处理方法的调查研究

2013 年7—8 月,对海南文昌、琼海、万宁、东方等地区100 家对虾育苗场的砂滤井、沉淀池、砂滤池、活性炭过滤装置、紫外线杀菌器和化学药物消毒6 种不同处理方法组合水处理系统的水处理效果进行调查,探讨了各部分在水处理中的作用。调查结果表明,不同组合的处理方法对海水处理时,90%以上育苗场的育苗海水以砂滤为主,紫外线消毒的只有5%。传统的水处理方式较以往也有所较少,大部分育苗场正开始致力水处理系统、设备的改造与引进。实验结果显示,对砂滤水再经过活性炭过滤、紫外线消毒、甲醛消毒后,对降低COD 与总菌含量的作用明显(P＜0.05),下降比例和去除率分别在22.80%、99.00%以上,但是水中溶解氧含量有下降的趋势,对pH的影响不明显(P＞0.05)。这次调查能够为对虾育苗实际应用和开发新技术提供参考依据。     

Molecular mapping of a dominant genic male sterility gene Ms in rapeseed (Brassica napus)

Rs1046AB is a genic male sterile two‐type line in rapeseed that has great potential for hybrid seed production. The sterility of this line is conditioned by the interaction of two genes, i.e. the dominant genic male sterility gene (Ms) and the suppressor gene (Rf). The present study was undertaken to identify DNA markers for the Ms locus in a BC₁ population developed from a cross between a male‐sterile plant in Rs1046AB and the fertile canola‐type cultivar ‘Samourai’. Bulked segregant analysis was performed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology. From the survey of 480 AFLP primer combinations, five AFLP markers (P10M13₃₅₀, P13M8₄₀₀, P6M6₄₁₀, E7M1₂₃₀ and E3M15₁₀₀) tightly linked to the target gene were identified. Two of them, E3M15₁₀₀ and P6M6₄₁₀, located the closest, at either side of Ms at a distance of 3.7 and 5.9 cM, respectively. The Ms locus was subsequently mapped on linkage group LG10 in the map developed in this laboratory, adding two additional markers weakly linked to it. This suite of markers will be valuable in designing a marker‐assisted genic male sterility three‐line breeding programme.