低聚木糖对肉仔鸡的生物安全性评价

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加低聚木糖水平对1~21日龄和22~42日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、血液生理和血浆生化指标、器官发育和组织病理学变化的影响,从而评价低聚木糖对肉仔鸡饲用的生物安全性。试验采用单因子完全随机设计。选用240只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4个组(每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公、母各5只),分别饲喂低聚木糖添加量为0、160、800和1 600 mg/kg的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果表明,饲粮添加1 600 mg/kg低聚木糖显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡血浆球蛋白浓度和42日龄肉仔鸡血浆葡萄糖浓度(P0.05),显著降低21日龄肉仔鸡血浆磷酸肌酸激酶和谷丙转氨酶活性以及42日龄肉仔鸡血浆甘油三酯浓度(P0.05);800 mg/kg添加组42日龄肉仔鸡肾脏相对重量显著高于对照组和1 600 mg/kg添加组(P0.05)。以上结果表明,肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中低聚木糖的最高添加限量定为160 mg/kg,具有10倍的安全系数,对肉仔鸡饲用是安全的。     

Hematological adverse effects and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in pigs following intramuscular administration

Ribavirin (RBV) is a synthetic guanosine analog that is used as a drug against various viral diseases in humans. The in vitro antiviral effects of ribavirin against porcine viruses were demonstrated in several studies. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the adverse effects and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin following its intramuscular (IM) injection in pigs. Ribavirin was formulated as a double‐oil emulsion (RBV‐DOE) and gel (RBV‐Gel), which were injected into the pigs as single‐dose IM injections. After injection of RBV, all of the pigs were monitored. The collected serum and whole blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and complete blood count analysis, respectively. All of the ribavirin‐treated pigs showed significant decreases in body weight compared to the control groups. Severe clinical signs including dyspnea, anorexia, weakness, and depression were present in ribavirin‐treated pigs until 5 days postinjection (dpi). The ribavirin‐treated groups showed significant decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration until 8 dpi. The mean half‐life of the RBV‐DOE and RBV‐Gel was 27.949 ± 2.783 h and 37.374 ± 3.502 h, respectively. The mean peak serum concentration (C_max) and area under the serum concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC_inf) of RBV‐DOE were 8340.000 ± 2562.577 ng/mL and 16 0095.430 ± 61 253.400 h·ng/mL, respectively. The C_max and AUC_inf of RBV‐Gel were 15 300.000 ± 3764.306 ng/mL and 207526.260 ± 63656.390 h·ng/mL, respectively. The results of this study provided the index of side effect and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in pigs, which should be considered before clinical application.     

滁县地区粮食生产发展措施与区域性发展模式的研究

本文系统论述了滁县地区粮食生产发展措施,确立了区域农业综合发展模式,并阐述了该模式的实质、意义、运行机制和实施策略。     

Conversion of the genic male sterility (GMS) system of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)

Non‐pungent bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lacks the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) nuclear restorer allele, Rf, and CMS cannot be employed in its F₁ hybrid seed production. To demonstrate that the genic male sterility (GMS) system in non‐pungent bell pepper can be converted to the CMS male sterility system, the conversion of GMS to CMS for non‐pungent bell pepper line GC3 was conducted by introgression of S‐type cytoplasm and the Rf allele from tropical pungent donors. After morphological traits were evaluated, two lines from BC₁F₁ containing S‐type cytoplasm and four lines from BC₂F₂ containing Rf allele, phenotypically similar to GC3, were obtained and could be employed as CMS male sterile lines and restorer lines for non‐pungent bell pepper. Four molecular markers potentially linked to traits of interest were also evaluated in BC₁F₁ and BC₁F₂ populations. This is the first time that GMS has been successfully converted to CMS in bell pepper, a significant contribution for bell pepper hybrid seed production.     

基于PCA的农机购置补贴绩效评价研究

针对农机购置补贴绩效评价过程中存在的数据统计繁杂、人工处理耗费时间长、计算结果易出错、不能及时得到数据结果等问题,本文提出了一种基于PCA进行绩效评价的新方法,并与常用的因子分析法及图表比对法进行了结果比对。结果显示,该方法结果准确,且前三主分量累积比率达到83.16%接近85%(常用阈值),可用前三主分量代替整体研究失分率。经过在近两年的绩效考评工作中实践验证,该方法操作简便,结果简明,特别在数据量庞大情况下该法优势更加明显,适用于农机购置补贴绩效考核评价。     

On the fracture morphology in wood

Summary Failure forms caused by axial ultimate compression stress in three softwood and nine hardwood species and in model specimens made of wood, paper and plastics are described. Three categories of failure forms are distinguished: 1. Wood characteristic failure forms are connected with the general anisotropic structure of the wood. 2. Failure forms specific to the species are modifications of the first category arising from predominant anatomical structures. 3. Modifications of the failure forms are also induced experimentally. The interdependence among the anatomical structure, strength characteristics and failure forms of the wood specimens are examined by statistical methods. The structure cipher introduced in this paper, as a numerical characteristic of the anatomical features of the wood species, is seen to be the most important influencing factor as regards the intensity and pattern of the fracture, followed in second and third place by the geometry of the specimen and its specific gravity. Specimen volume and other factors are shown to have only a marginal influence on the fracture morphology.The strength tests were carried out as part of a diploma thesis by K. Buchmüller. Also the assistance of E. Risi in measuring and evaluating is gratefully acknowledged     

非洲猪瘟病毒无标签p30-ELISA抗体检测方法的建立及应用

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)引起猪的一种急性、热性、出血性、高度接触性传染病,临床症状以败血症、皮炎和关节炎为特征,高发病率和高死亡率。为建立临床检测ASFV抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,本研究扩增了ASFV-CP204L基因,通过pET-30a原核表达系统表达p30蛋白,使用Ni-NTA纯化表达产物,通过肠激酶切除外源性蛋白,得到无His-组氨酸标签的p30蛋白,以此为诊断抗原,建立间接ELISA方法。结果显示：表达的无标签p30重组蛋白大小约为30 ku,与ASF阳性猪血清具有较好的反应原性;确定ELISA抗原包被浓度为1 μg·mL^-1,根据ROC曲线下面积确定S/P值>0.398判定为阳性,批内、批间变异系数均<10%;与PCV2、CSFV、PRV-gE、PRRSV阳性血清无交叉反应与INGENASA商品化试剂盒总符合率为97.78%。用该方法分别检测标准阳性血清、动物感染试验血清和收集的区域性临床血清644份,该方法最低可检测到1∶512倍稀释的标准阳性血清样品;检测感染动物血清,其中80%(4/5)的试验动物在第10天抗体为阳性。644份临床猪血清样品中抗体阳性率为7.61%,其中,母猪、后备母猪、仔猪、保育猪和育肥猪抗体阳性率分别为3.03%、0%、4.94%、7.55%和28.7%。本试验建立的ASFV-p30间接ELISA方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,可应用于ASFV的抗体检测,为ASF的诊断和流行病学调查提供了技术手段。     

Glutathione Transferase Isozymes Involved in Insecticide Resistance of Diamondback Moth Larvae

In addition to the three glutathione transferase (GST) isozymes already identified in diamondback moth larvae, Plutella xylostella (L.), a fourth one, GST-4, was purified from a teflubenzuron (TFB)-resistant strain. This GST isozyme was similar to GST-3 in terms of biochemical and toxicological properties. GST-4, a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 26.6 kDa and a pI of ca. 8.9, displayed even stronger substrate preference than GST-3 for 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and several organophosphorus insecticides, i.e., parathion, methyl parathion, and paraoxon. These two proteins were highly immunorelated and shared at least the first eight amino acids at the N-terminus. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that polyclonal antiserum raised against GST-3 cross-reacted with GST-1 and GST-2 at least 40-fold less intensely than with the antigen. Using this antiserum as probe, higher amounts and greater variations of GST-3/GST-4 were observed in larvae of a methyl parathion- and a TFB-resistant strain compared with a susceptible and a fenvalerate-resistant strain. Among the six lepidopterous insects examined, only Spodoptera exigua larvae clearly had proteins immunorelated to GST-3/GST-4 of diamondback moth. No such cross-reactivity was observed in Musca domestica, Drosophila melanogaster, and Aedes aegypti.