锰在鸡肠道中吸收的特点、影响因素及分子机制

锰是动物必需的微量元素之一,但鸡等家禽对锰的吸收率极低,为1%～3%。本文综述了锰在鸡肠道中的吸收特点、影响锰吸收的因素及其分子机制,旨在为寻找有效提高家禽锰吸收利用的途径提供参考依据。     

Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress

A pot experiment was used to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth performance, root-hair growth, and root hormone levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). A 9-week mild DS treatment significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization of 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots. Root mycorrhizal colonization was relatively higher in the 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots than in the taproot and the 1st-order lateral root under WW and DS. AMF seedlings exhibited significantly higher root-hair density, length (except for the taproot) and diameter in taproot and 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order lateral roots under WW, and considerably higher root-hair density (except for 1st-order lateral root), length (except for 2nd-order lateral root) and diameter under DS. Mycorrhizal inoculation remarkably increased root abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS, in company with the decrease in root zeatin riboside and gibberellins levels and root IAA effluxes. Root-hair traits were significantly positively correlated with root colonization and root ABA and BRs levels. It is concluded that mycorrhizal plants possessed better root-hair growth to adapt mild DS, which is associated with mycorrhizal colonization and endogenous hormone changes.     

宁夏南部黄土丘陵区退化天然草地改良效果综合评价

采用多层次模糊综合评判法,综合分析宁夏南部黄土丘陵区不同改良措施下的改良效果,结果表明:"88542"整地 播种综合评判值最高,达到5.918 8,改良效果最好,施肥和封育的综合评判值其次,带状翻耕 播种的综合评判值最低,仅为2.775 0,远低于对照.     

Plasma haptoglobin and immunoglobulins as diagnostic indicators of deoxynivalenol intoxication

This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were orally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs.     

Decrease in intestinal endocrine cells in Balb/c mice with CT-26 carcinoma cells

The density of intestinal endocrine cells, in Balb/c mice with colon 26 (CT-26) carcinoma cells, were examined immunohistochemically at 28 days after implantation. After CT-26 cell administration there was a significant decrease in most of the intestinal endocrine cells (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. The significant quantitative changes in the intestinal endocrine cell density might contribute to the development of the gastrointestinal symptoms commonly encountered in cancer patients.     

日粮钙或磷缺乏对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构的影响

试验在前期研究日粮钙（Ca）或磷（P）缺乏对1~21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构影响的基础上,进一步研究其对22~42日龄肉仔鸡上述指标的影响。采用2（钙水平：0.90%和0.30%）×2（非植酸磷（NPP）水平：0.35%和0.18%）两因子完全随机试验设计,选取504只1日龄爱拔益加肉公雏随机分为4组,饲养至22日龄时给与不同日粮处理：正常对照组（0.90%钙+0.35%非植酸磷）、磷缺乏组（0.90%钙+0.18%非植酸磷）、钙缺乏组（0.30%钙+0.35%非植酸磷）及钙和磷同时缺乏组（0.30%钙+0.18%非植酸磷）,每个处理7个重复,测定22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及28和42日龄胫骨组织结构。结果表明：与正常对照组相比,日粮钙或磷缺乏显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和胫骨长度（P<0.05）,而显著增加了肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）和胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）;磷缺乏组肉仔鸡的22~28日龄平均日采食量和平均日增重与28日龄胫骨长度显著低于钙缺乏组及钙和磷同时缺乏组（P<0.05）;磷缺乏组肉仔鸡的22~28日龄死亡率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）,该处理组肉仔鸡于28日龄时全部死亡;低钙水平显著增加了28日龄肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）,而低磷水平显著降低了28日龄肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）。综上所述,22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构对日粮磷缺乏最为敏感,其次为钙缺乏或钙和磷同时缺乏;低钙水平可增加肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度而低磷水平则相反。     

Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and without Chlamydia suis infection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters

Chlamydiae are frequently encountered Gram‐negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders. C. suis and other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact of Chlamydia suis infection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty‐four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation of DNA was carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed for Chlamydia suis by real‐time PCR with a locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.     

非国标微型电机综合测试台系统

设计了一种新型的非国家标准微型电机综合测试台系统。该系统以VisualBasicforWINDOWS3．2为软件平台,采用DDE,DLL新技术,通过检测电机的电流、电压和转矩、转速等参数,计算出其输出功率和效率,并依据这些参数判断电机是否合格。以直而电机为对象的现场实验结果表明,该系统可满足厂家的需求。     

长薄鳅池塘移植养殖试验

从长江上中游江段获取的长薄鳅移植至微流水的小面积养殖池中养殖。平均每池放养２６￣３６尾,投喂水蚯蚓、小杂鱼和虾,生长良好。１ａ后每池存活１８￣２０尾,每尾年增重８７．９￣１１４．２ｇ,增长４．９￣７．４ｃｍ。试验证明长薄鳅能在池塘中进行养殖。     

Residual plant nutrients in crop residues – an important resource

With increasing demand for sustainable production, the need to effectively utilise site-based resources increases. One such resource is the remaining crop residues, both above and below ground, after harvest. In order to assess the magnitude of this resource, this study determined the plant nutrient contribution of residues from 17 different crops in seven different regions of Slovakia over a nine-year period. The soil profile 0.0–0.3?m was taken into account at belowground residues sampling. The results showed that winter rape, mustard, corn maize, triticale, winter rye with straw and sunflower left the most residues, exceeding 8 tons of dry biomass per hectare. Root crops (sugar beet, potatoes) and peas left less than 3 tons of residual dry biomass per hectare. Using these data, the nutrient potential coefficient, i.e. the amount of nutrients left by production of one ton of the main product was calculated by polynomial regression. With these coefficients and the known yield of a given crop, it was possible to calculate how much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each crop leaves in the soil after harvest. It was found that the amount of nitrogen left ranged from 20 to 132?kg, phosphorus from 2 to 24?kg and potassium from 13 to 218?kg per hectare. This has to be taken into account when calculating the fertiliser requirement of the subsequent crop in order to achieve better resource utilisation, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and improving farm profits by reducing expenditure on fertiliser.