Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels

The objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB₁) on growth performance, organs, hepatic enzyme activities, apparent digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activities in ducks. Ninety 1-day-old Cherry Valley commercial ducks were designed to three treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. Group I (control) was fed conventional feed free of AFB₁, group II or III was fed the diets containing 20 μg/kg or 40 μg/kg AFB₁-contaminated rice respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks. The results were that decreased body weight gain and feed intake, increased feed to gain ratio and selected organ weights (liver, kidney and pancreas) were observed in AFB₁-treated groups. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in AFB₁-contamined groups. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was significantly lower while activities of digestive enzyme from duodenum contents including protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase were increased in AFB₁-treated group. These results indicated that AFB₁ of feed could decrease growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients, change digestive enzyme activities of duodenum contents in duck.     

孔雀组织滴虫病的诊治

2007年9月份,沈阳市郊区某珍禽饲养场30日龄雏孔雀暴发组织滴虫病,该场起初误诊断为球虫病,曾用敌菌净、球威、氯苯胍治疗,但仍不     

动物福利壁垒分析与应对措施

随着传统关税壁垒作用逐步减弱,非关税壁垒在国际贸易中起着越来越重要的角色,一种新的贸易壁垒――动物福利壁垒逐渐形成,并对我国畜禽产品的出口产生越来越大的影响。目前,动物福利壁垒在我国还是一个全新的领域。本文从动物福利壁垒的实例入手,分析了动物福利壁垒及其特征,对比与发达国家的差异以及给出口企业带来的影响,并提出了积极有效的应对措施。     

Role of IFNLR1 gene in PRRSV infection of PAM cells

BackgroundInterferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is a type II cytokine receptor that clings to interleukins IL-28A, IL29B, and IL-29 referred to as type III IFNs (IFN-λs). IFN-λs act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert antiviral effects related to preventing and curing an infection. Although the immune function of IFN-λs in virus invasion has been described, the molecular mechanism of IFNLR1 in that process is unclear.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of IFNLR1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).MethodsThe effects of IFNLR1 on the proliferation of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during PRRSV infection were investigated using interference and overexpression methods.ResultsIn this study, the expressions of the IFNLR1 gene in the liver, large intestine, small intestine, kidney, and lung tissues of Dapulian pigs were significantly higher than those in Landrace pigs. It was determined that porcine IFNLR1 overexpression suppresses PRRSV replication. The qRT-PCR results revealed that overexpression of IFNLR1 upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated genes. IFNLR1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of PAMs and upregulation of p-STAT1. By contrast, knockdown of IFNLR1 expression promotes PAMs proliferation. The G0/G1 phase proportion in IFNLR1-overexpressing cells increased, and the opposite change was observed in IFNLR1-underexpressing cells. After inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the G2/M phase proportion in the IFNLR1-overexpressing cells showed a significant increasing trend. In conclusion, overexpression of IFNLR1 induces activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PAMs infected with PRRSV.ConclusionExpression of the IFNLR1 gene has an important regulatory role in PRRSV-infected PAMs, indicating it has potential as a molecular target in developing a new strategy for the treatment of PRRSV.     

Mitochondrial dysfunction influences apoptosis and autophagy in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Mitochondria are important regulators of both apoptosis and autophagy. One of the triggers for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Recently, several studies have indicated that ROS may also be involved in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we used H(2)O(2) to induce mitochondrial stress, examined apoptotic- and autophagic-related gene expression and observed LC3 protein (autophagosome presence marker) expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. In porcine four-cell parthenotes cultured for 5 days in NCSU37 medium containing 0.4% BSA, the developmental rate and mitochondrial distribution did not differ from that of the group supplemented with 100 μM H(2)O(2) but was significantly decreased in the group supplemented with 500 μM H(2)O(2) (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that whereas normal shaped mitochondria were observed in blastocysts from the control group, abnormal mitochondria (mitophagy) and autophagic vacuoles were observed in blastocysts from the group that received 500 μM H(2)O(2). Furthermore, addition of H(2)O(2) (100 μM and 500 μM) decreased cell numbers (P<0.05) and increased both apoptosis (P<0.05) and LC3 protein expression in the blastocysts. Real-time RT-PCR showed that H(2)O(2) significantly decreased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL but increased pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3 (Casp3) and Bak, and autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (Map1lc3b) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) had no effect on mRNA expression levels in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1, in blastocysts. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that results in apoptosis and autophagy, which is possibly related to porcine early embryo development.     

安徽省一起非洲猪瘟疫情的暴发调查

2018年9月,安徽省铜陵市某猪场暴发非洲猪瘟疫情。为查明疫情可能的来源、波及范围,继而提出有针对性的预防控制建议,对该猪场的饲养管理、猪群发病现状以及相关流行病学关联场点进行了现场调查。调查发现,此次暴发可能由饲喂泔水引起。由此建议:暂时关闭辖区内生猪屠宰场,并进行彻底消毒;停止疫情相关区域生猪及其产品调运;监测受威胁区猪场,做好生物安全防护;停止饲喂泔水,并做好餐厨剩余物的无害化处理工作。     

畜禽注水肉的卫生检验与卫生处理

注水肉系指不法经营者无视国家的屠宰法规和食品卫生法规 ,对畜 (牛、猪、兔等 )、禽 (鸡、鸭 )等在宰前或宰后人为地采用某种手段器械(注射器、皮管、压力泵 )通过畜禽口腔、食道、肛门直肠、动脉血管、皮下等部位注射入一定量的水分 ,以此增加畜禽重量 ,使胴体、肌肉、内脏的含水量剧增 ,达到饱和状态。近几年来 ,畜禽注水肉多见于牛肉、猪肉、鸡鸭肉 ,尤其在农贸集市非常普遍 ,已引起广大消费者和有关部门的关注。１畜禽注水的途径与方法１．１宰前活体注水灌食强行固定猪体灌水姿势 ,用皮管塞入口腔或肛门注入水 ,注水量可占体重的２０%…     

唇乳突丝虫感染蚴接种非固有宿主动物致发脑脊髓丝虫病研究

用东乡伊蚊叮吮含有唇乳突丝虫微丝蚴的模型动物——小鼠血液,待微丝蚴在蚊体内发育至感染期时,分离出感染坳,皮下多点接种43只昆明小鼠(每只15～200条)、1只山羊及2只绵羊(每只200～300条)和4匹驹(每匹750～1 250条);将指状丝虫接种到20只昆明鼠体内,比较两种虫体的致病性。结果:唇乳突丝虫感染鼠有16只经1～8 d潜伏期发病,呈现瘫痪、昏迷症状后死亡.实验羊和驹经5～21d潜伏期后均呈不同程度的运动和神经症状,于接种虫体后40～140 d扑杀.经病理学观察,3种动物脑脊髓均呈现虫伤性液化坏死灶及非化脓性脑脊髓炎变化,在其中枢神经系统组织切片中发现丝虫虫体断面或钙化碎片,从而证明唇乳突丝虫可人工感染昆明小鼠、羊、驹发生脑脊髓丝虫病,进而提出该虫可以成为马、羊脑脊髓丝虫病的病原之一。指状丝虫感染鼠死亡率高于唇乳突丝虫感染鼠(P<0.01),初步认为唇乳突丝虫致病性较指状丝虫弱。     

黄芩注射液的制备工艺及质量标准的初步研究

目的:研制以黄芩和柴胡为主药的注射剂,并建立质量控制标准。方法:以传统的水提醇沉法制备该注射剂,采用薄层色谱法对黄芩甙进行鉴定,并用紫外分光光度法测定黄芩甙的含量。结果:采用水提醇沉法制备得到的该注射剂符合药典关于注射剂的各项检查。实验结果表明:黄芩苷含量在1.6μg/mL～8.0μg/mL与吸光度成良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9996,平均回收率99.4%,相对标准偏差为0.6%(n=5)。黄芩甙的薄层色谱鉴别,薄层色谱斑点清晰、空白无干扰,重现性好。结论:该制剂生产工艺简单,质量标准简单易行,产品质量容易控制。