苏丹红和饲料着色剂的区别

本文主要从苏丹红和饲料着色剂的化学结构、作用机理及毒性等方面说明饲料着色剂与苏丹红的天壤之别。     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

谷子RNA干扰相关酶类基因家族的鉴定与分析

Dicers酶类、Argonautes蛋白以及RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerases,RDRs)是RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)机制中重要的核心蛋白,但在谷子(Setaria italica)中尚无系统报道.为了研究谷子中与RNA干扰相关酶类基因的特征,本研究对谷子的RNA干扰相关酶类基因家族进行了蛋白质理化性质、亚细胞定位预测、蛋白质保守基序、基因保守结构域、基因家族成员间系统发育关系以及组织特异性表达谱分析.研究共发现24个与谷子RNA干扰相关酶类基因,包括7个DCL(Dicers),13个AGO(Argonautes),4个RDRs.系统进化树分析表明,这些家族被分为3个进化支.同一家族基因成员具有共同的保守结构域.虽然大多数基因可同时在不同发育时期的叶、茎和穗中表达,但其在各时期的穗和茎中的表达量最高.本研究为详细探讨这些基因在谷子生殖和生长发育中的表观遗传修饰作用提供了理论依据.     

大肠杆菌β-内酰胺酶耐药基因blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCTX-M三重PCR检测方法建立

本研究以我国大肠杆菌中常见的3种β-内酰胺酶耐药基因(bla,TEM blasHV和blaCTX-M)作为目的基因,设计3对特异性引物,建立了blaTEM,bla SHV和blaCTX-M耐药基因三重PCR检测方法.三重PCR反应体系为:10×PCR缓冲液2.5 μL,MgCl2(25 mmol/L) 2.5 μL,dNTP (2.5 mmol/L)4 μL,blaTEM,blasHV和blaCTX-M上下游引物(25 μmol/L)分别为0.25 μL、0.5 μL、1.0μL,Taq DNA聚合酶(2.5 U/μL)0.4μL,模板2.5μL,反应总体积为25 μL.反应参数为:94℃5 min,94℃50 s,55℃55 s,72℃1 min,32个循环,72℃延伸5 min.本方法的建立为大肠杆菌中β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的快速检测及分子流行病学调查提供了新的手段.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒山西分离株S基因遗传变异分析

为分析山西地区猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的遗传变异情况,试验利用RT-PCR方法对2014-2015年山西省疑似猪流行性腹泻的阳性病料进行克隆和测序,获得4个S基因片段,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行比对分析。序列分析结果显示,4株PEDV山西分离株的S基因与CV777 vaccine相比,在170~171 bp之间插入12个核苷酸,在401~402、454~455 bp之间均插入3个核苷酸,在461~468 bp之间缺失6个核苷酸。4株PEDV山西分离株S基因之间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.2%~99.8%和98.6%~99.7%,与2011-2015年中国流行毒株、CV777 vaccine、attenuated DR13、CV777的核苷酸同源性分别95.0%~98.5%、93.2%~93.6%、93.2%~93.7%、93.7%~94.4%,氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~98.9%、91.9%~92.6%、92.1%~92.9%、92.9%~94.0%。遗传进化树分析结果表明,PEDV S基因分为3个群,4株PEDV山西分离株属于第一群,与2010年以后国内流行毒株（除AH-M、SQ2014）的亲缘关系较近,与2010年以前中国流行毒株、2个日本株、7个韩国株、2个疫苗株的亲缘关系较远。研究结果提示山西省流行的PEDV发生较明显的变异,需研发新的疫苗来控制PEDV的暴发。     

猪红细胞生成素受体基因突变与血常规性状关联分析

本研究旨在探索红细胞生成素受体基因(EPOR)影响红细胞相关性状的分子机理.对EPOR基因第1内含子和第4内含子突变位点g.705G＞T和g.2373C＞T,以飞行时间质谱进行个体基因型分型,在构建的大白猪×民猪F2代资源群体内开展其与6种血常规性状(红细胞压积、血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均红细胞体积、红细胞计数及红细胞分布宽度)的关联分析.结果表明,第1内含子突变位点g.705G＞T未发现与血常规性状显著关联;第4内含子突变位点g.2373C＞T群体内只发现2种基因型,其中CT基因型个体的红细胞压积显著高于CC基因型个体(P＜0.05),但并未发现与其他性状显著关联.结果显示,EPOR基因突变可显著影响红细胞压积,说明该基因可作为影响红细胞压积的主效候选基因开展深入研究.     

北京地区健康肉鸡携带沙门氏菌状况调查

禽源沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌和食源性病原菌。肉鸡作为人肠炎沙门氏菌感染的主要来源,目前国内对其沙门氏菌携带状况的研究资料较少。为了解北京地区健康肉鸡中沙门氏菌的携带情况,本研究共采集该地区28个肉鸡养殖场的盲肠或泄殖腔拭子样品1310份,进行沙门氏菌的分离和鉴定,总共分离出沙门氏菌54株。血清分型结果表明,肠炎和爪哇安那为两种优势血清型,所占比例分别为31.5%和25.9%;其次是禽伤寒,占比9.3%。本研究为北京地区肉鸡场沙门氏菌病的防控及首都公共卫生安全提供了基础资料。     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

北川白山羊基因组与表型性状相关的多态性RAPD标记

北川白山羊是在特定生态条件下未经系统繁育而形成的优良地方山羊品种,在生长发育、繁殖和抗逆等性状方面具有突出优势。通过对122只北川白山羊个体基因组的扩增,结果从80条RAPD引物中选出12条多态引物,北川白山羊群体平均遗传相似率和遗传多样性指数分别为0.859 8±0.077 6和0.919 8,表明北川白山羊品种具有一定的遗传分化和较丰富的遗传多样性。在12条多态性引物中,SBS06同时对体质量（P=0.028）、体高（P=0.017）和体长（P=0.037）具有显著影响,SBS02对体质量（P=0.033）和体高（P=0.034）具有显著效应,所以推断影响体质量和体高性状的QTL基因座可能与RAPD标记SBS06和SBS02相连锁,可以应用于北川白山羊体质量和体高性状的标记辅助选择以及相应主效基因的进一步研究。     

降解赤霉病菌毒素Tri101基因的原核表达及抗体制备

采用RT-PCR方法克隆了编码禾谷镰刀菌单端孢酶烯3-O-乙酰转移酶Tri101基因的cDNA序列,并连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T2上,将获得的重组载体pGEX-4T2/Tri101转化大肠杆菌BL21后用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明,经IPTG诱导后,Tri101基因在大肠杆菌BL21中获得了高效表达,融合蛋白GST-Tri101分子量为75.45 kDa。将该融合蛋白切胶纯化后免疫家兔,制备兔抗GST-Tri101多克隆抗体。经ELISA法测定抗体效价大于1∶256 000。Western blot分析表明制备的抗体与原核细胞体外表达的Tri101蛋白可以特异性结合,表明该抗体的特异性良好。应用该抗体验证了感赤霉病小麦中Tri101基因的表达。兔抗GST-Tri101抗体的成功制备,为进一步研究Tri101的生物学功能、细胞定位以及在其它植物中的表达等奠定了基础。