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101.
为了解我国部分地区猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病3种常见疫病的流行情况,采用ELISA、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和反转录PCR(RT-PCR)等方法,对2019年11个省(自治区)172个猪场送检的3 550份猪血清样品进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)及伪狂犬病野毒(PRV-gE)抗体检测,对9个省(自治区)72个猪场送检的371份病料进行抗原检测。结果显示:CSFV、PRRSV、PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为82.75%、84.08%、31.86%,抗原阳性率分别为2.62%、26.15%、1.67%。保育猪群CSFV抗体平均阻断率最低,为44.62%,抗体整齐度差,CV为58.26%,且CSFV抗原主要在哺乳仔猪和保育猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为3.57%、3.00%;除育肥猪群外,其他各阶段猪群的PRRSV抗体S/P平均值为1.0~2.0,抗体整齐度整体较差,且平均抗原阳性率较高(26.15%),其中保育阶段猪群病原检出率最高(37.68%);育肥猪、母猪、公猪的PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为36.82%、35.31%、15.65%,病原主要从死胎/木乃伊胎和哺乳仔猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为8.70%和2.99%。结果表明,PRRSV对我国猪场不同阶段猪群均有较大威胁;保育猪群CSFV抗体水平不理想,暴发疫情风险较高;公猪、母猪及育肥猪群普遍存在PRV感染,尤其是母猪。提议各猪场采取免疫、监测、净化等综合措施,加强这3类常见猪群疫病的防控。 相似文献
102.
在畜牧业发展的早期,由于技术水平和养殖条件的限制,动物生产性能较低,发病率和死亡率偏高,影响了畜牧业的发展。Moore等在1946年首次报道了在饲料中添加抗生素,能明显提高肉鸡的日增重,随后,1950年美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)首次批准抗生素用作饲料添加剂,我国原农业部于1994年首次发布了饲料药物添加剂允许使用品种目录。抗生素作为猪只的促生长添加剂在国内外被广泛应用,先后经历了人畜共用、人畜分开和饲用抗生素3个发展阶段,实践证明,其抗菌、促生长效果显著,为养猪业的发展做出了巨大贡献。然而,在抗生素的长期使用过程中,由于一些猪场不严格遵守停药期,发生了抗生素超量添加、滥用等现象,引发的问题越来越严重,如耐药性、畜产品中抗生素残留和环境污染等。因此,不同国家相继出台法令,限制和禁止抗生素促生长药物添加剂在饲料中使用(见图1),我国也于2020年7月1日实施饲料“禁抗”条例。从国外禁抗后的养猪实践说明,猪的肠道健康和免疫力的提升是替抗的关键,必须采取综合的替抗措施,才能保持猪只的生产性能。人们要关注猪只的精准营养需要,并适当优化饲料的营养结构、优化原料和添加剂选择、优化组合与加工,提升饲养管理水平,改善饲养条件,保障生物安全等多措并举,现在欧洲各国的养猪业的效益已重回世界巅峰。文章主要就无抗饲料的营养与饲料关键技术进行阐述,旨在为处于“禁抗”时代的我国猪场提供养殖建议。 相似文献
103.
Larry D. Galuppo DVM Diplomate ACVS Susan M. Stover DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS David G. Jensen BS Neil H. Willits PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(4):332-340
OBJECTIVE: To compare drilling, tapping, and screw-insertion torque, force, and time for the 4.5-mm AO and 6.5-mm Acutrak Plus (AP) bone screws, and to compare the mechanical shear strength and stiffness of a simulated complete lateral condylar fracture of the equine third metacarpal bone (MC3) stabilized with either an AO or AP screw. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical assessment of screw-insertion variables, and shear failure tests of a bone-screw-stabilized simulated lateral condylar fracture. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight pairs of cadaveric equine MC3s METHODS: Metacarpi were placed in a fixture and centered on a biaxial load cell in a materials-testing system to measure torque, compressive force, and time for drilling, tapping, and screw insertion. Standardized simulated lateral condylar fractures were stabilized by either an AO or AP screw and tested in shear until failure. A paired t test was used to assess differences between screws, with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: Insertion and mechanical shear testing variables were comparable for AO and AP insertion equipment and screws. CONCLUSION: The 6.5-mm tapered AP screw can be inserted in equine third metacarpal condyles and is mechanically comparable with the 4.5-mm AO screw for fixation of a simulated lateral condylar fracture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Considering the comparable mechanical behavior, the potential for less-persistent soft-tissue irritation with the headless design, and the ability to achieve interfragmentary compression by inserting the screw in one hole drilled perpendicular to the fracture plane, the 6.5-mm tapered AP screw may be an attractive alternative for repair of incomplete lateral condylar fractures in horses. 相似文献
104.
A comparison of epidural buprenorphine with epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia following stifle surgery in dogs 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Lesley J Smith DVM Diplomate ACVA Jeff Kwang-An Yu BS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(2):87-96
Objective To compare the efficacy of epidural buprenorphine with epidural morphine for post‐operative pain relief in dogs undergoing cranial cruciate ligament rupture repair. Study design A randomized, double blind clinical trial. Animals Twenty client‐owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Methods Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either epidural buprenorphine (4 µg kg?1) or epidural morphine (0.1 mg kg?1) in a total volume of 0.2 mL kg?1. Epidural injections were performed immediately after induction of anesthesia. End‐tidal halothane and CO2 were recorded every 15 minutes from the time of epidural administration of drug to extubation. A numerical rating pain score system was used by a blinded observer to evaluate analgesia beginning at extubation and continuing at specific intervals for 24 hours after surgery. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded noninvasively at the same times. If pain score indicated moderate discomfort, rescue morphine at 1.0 mg kg?1 was administered intramuscularly. Results There were no significant differences between groups with respect to pain score, heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect blood pressure, end‐tidal halothane or end‐tidal CO2 at any time point. Fifty percent of dogs in the buprenorphine group and 50% of dogs in the morphine group required rescue analgesic medication. Time of systemic rescue morphine administration did not differ significantly between the two groups. There were no clinically observable side‐effects from epidural administration of either drug in any of the dogs of this study. Conclusions Epidural buprenorphine is as effective as epidural morphine for the relief of postoperative hindlimb orthopedic pain in dogs. Clinical relevance Buprenorphine appears to be an effective opioid for epidural use in healthy dogs. Buprenorphine may offer certain advantages over morphine for epidural use, such as lower abuse potential and, in some clinics, reduced cost and less wastage of drug. 相似文献
105.
选用碳纤维作为食管代替物,对各切除颈段固有食管3~4cm的8例绵羊和2例犊牛行食管植入吻合术。植入的碳纤维人工食管长度为3~4.5cm,管径为1~2cm,管壁厚为0.1~0.15cm。人工食管与食管断端采用作者改进的高桥氏二层重叠缝合方法吻合。术后除2例绵羊因人工食管渗漏子第4d死亡外,其余吻合手术均获成功。绵羊术后4~5d采食咀嚼碎青草自如,但咽下较缓慢,有时反复2~3次方能咽下;术后5~20d,采食及吞咽恢复至正常状态;20d后又复出现吞咽缓慢。犊牛术后饮奶咽下顺利,到20d后偶有反复吞咽和奶汁由鼻孔中返流现象,经3~5d恢复正常。经X线透视或钡剂食管造影检查,术后7~14d,钡液顺利通过食管和人工食管,显示人工食管部较正常食管稍细,术后22~26d,人工食管脱落,脱落部食管狭窄,其前方食管呈纺锤状扩张。动物全身及血液,生化指标观察均无明显改变。病理学观察,术后15d可见在食管两断端由新生肉芽组织形成纤维膜管以包裹人工食管,在新生肉芽组织纤维膜管内面,靠近食管吻合口边缘,已长出灰白色薄层粘膜;术后22~25d,人工食管脱落于瘤胃或网胃中,食管缺损段已由新生的食管组织连接在一起,新生食管外周形成纤维膜包裹,管腔内面被覆有较完整的薄层粘膜;术后35~40d。见新生食管内面粘膜层覆盖完整,管壁稍增厚,内腔稍 相似文献
106.
107.
桑树多倍体育种材料遗传背景的AFLP分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)分子标记技术,即扩增片段长度多态性,从DNA分子水平对19份人工三倍体桑育种材料进行了遗传背景分析,构建了指纹图谱.19份育种材料可组配70个杂交组合,各材料间AFLP相似系数大于0.750 0的有54个组合,经AFLP分析认为,它们不宜作亲本间杂交组合;AFLP相似系数小于0.750 0的有16个组合,经AFLP分析认为它们适于作亲本间杂交组合.本研究从基因组DNA分子水平上为人工三倍体桑品种选育以及杂交亲本的选择和组配提供了遗传背景依据. 相似文献
108.
Sulfate supplementation of alpine goats: effects on milk yield and composition, metabolites, nutrient digestibilities, and acid-base balance. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Effects of sulfate supplementation on milk yield and composition, ruminal and blood metabolites, acid-base status, and nutrient digestibilities were determined using 30 multiparous, lactating Alpine does. Goats were fed isonitrogenous diets containing .16 (basal), .26, or .36% S (DM basis) during a 13-wk lactation trial that coincided with wk 3 to 15 of lactation. During wk 16 to 17, four does from each treatment were placed in a metabolism crate to measure nutrient digestibility and balance. Feed intake, yield of 4% fat-corrected milk, and milk S content were not affected by added S, but the goats fed the .26% S diet had a trend of higher persistency of lactation (P < .20). During wk 10 and 15 of lactation, milk solids-not-fat percentage was higher (P < .10) for does fed the .26% S diet. Sulfur supplementation resulted in quadratic decreases in ruminal ammonia N (P < .05) in wk 15 and in plasma urea N in wk 10 and 15 (P < .05) but in linear increases (P < .05) in ruminal protein S concentrations throughout the experiment. Added S had little effect on blood acid-base status. Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, ash, ADF, and GE were increased linearly (P < .10) by added S. The milk N:S ratio remained constant. Increasing S from .16 to .26% of diet DM was beneficial to lactating Alpine goats during early lactation. 相似文献
109.
以活化辣根过氧化物酶复合物(HRP—PBQ—PEI+—NH3+)直接标记沙门氏菌属特异性DNA探针pLS2和pLS3,探针与靶DNA杂交后催化发光底物,经增强型化学发光反应(ECL),用普通X光胶片自显影(CPD)检测沙门氏菌。经狭缝杂交(Slotblot),该法标记探针均可检测到0.1pg的纯质粒DNA及103个未经培养的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。Dot—blot杂交结果证明,HRP标记的探针仅与沙门氏菌属细菌杂交,而与试验的其他肠道非沙门氏菌不杂交。本研究表明,HRP直接标记基因探针化学发光自显影法检测沙门氏菌,安全、快速、简便,且有高度的敏感性和特异性,是一种有较大应用前景的非放射性标记探针杂交检测方法。 相似文献
110.
为了揭示鸡先天性免疫反应在IBDV疫苗过程中的作用,将40只14日海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成两组,实验组接种IBDV活疫苗,对照组注射生理盐水,隔离饲养。于免疫前和免疫后12h、24h、48h、72h、130h各取脾脏和法氏囊分离淋巴细胞并提取总RNA,用实时荧光定量检测方法检测各组中chTLR3、chTLR7、chTLR21表达的动态变化。结果显示,在免疫后36h,鸡法氏囊和脾脏中chTLR3表达变化最显著,在免疫后48h,鸡脾脏和法氏囊中chTLR21表达变化也较为明显。提示chTLR3在鸡对IBDV的免疫应答中起主要作用。 相似文献