加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响

为了解加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响,用不同加热温度(80 ℃、95℃)、剪切速度(600 r/min、1200 r/min)和冷却方法(冰水冷却、自然冷却)制作了4种再制干酪样品,并分别测定了样品的融化功能特性(融化性)和非融化功能特性(硬度、凝聚性、粘着性).结果表明,加热温度、搅拌速度的提高和冷却速度的降低明显降低了再制千酪的融化性(P＜0.05);剪切速度的升高使再制干酪的硬度显著提高(P＜0.05);加热温度的升高降低了再制干酪的凝聚性(P＜0.05);而加工条件对再制干酪粘着性的影响在统计学上无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

混播比例对牧草及其青贮料降解效果的影响

为研究无芒雀麦与紫花苜蓿不同比例混播对牧草及其青贮品质的影响,本试验采用人工瘤胃技术,分析其体外降解率及降解液的pH值、NH3-N浓度和产气量的变化.结果表明,混播与单播苜蓿相比,显著降低饲草降解液的pH值(P＜0.01)、NH3-N(P＜0.01)含量,对产气量影响不显著(P＞0.05).青贮后,混播与单播苜蓿相比,降低青贮料降解液的pH值、NH3-N含量和产气量,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

盐酸处理蚕卵酯酶A4的活性变化及其与滞育性的关系

从家蚕C108品种蚕卵精制酯酶A4,首次测定了产卵后24～96h浸酸蚕卵酯酶A4的ATPase活性。蚕卵经盐酸处理后在体外5℃1～2d或体外25℃1～3h出现酶活性峰。与低温活化蚕卵比较,产卵后24～96h的浸酸蚕卵,在体外5℃酶活性峰出现时间提早了8．5～22d,在体外25℃提早了3～9h。浸酸后蚕卵迅速解除滞育,滞育发育时间显著缩短。将不同卵龄未浸酸蚕卵与盐酸处理蚕卵酯酶A4的ATPase活性峰出现时间差制成曲线,在体外5℃或25℃的结果几乎都完全与5℃冷藏时蚕卵的滞育发育时间曲线重叠。盐酸处理蚕卵酯酶A4的活性变化与蚕卵活化有高度相关性。     

猪、鸡间空肠弯曲杆菌感染分布状况的调查研究

目的:对入沪28个产地(河南开封、山东青岛、江苏南通、浙江金华、上海奉贤等地)的鸡、猪进行了空肠弯曲杆菌流行分布调查,了解空肠弯曲杆菌在不同动物种间的分布状况。方法:以空肠弯曲杆菌特异性的VS1基因为扩增目标片段,对2005～2007年间在上海市三家家禽市场和五家生猪屠宰场采集的2234(鸡1015份、猪1219份)盲肠内容物样品进行PCR检测。结果:鸡盲肠内容物检出空肠弯曲杆菌阳性的样品288份,平均阳性率为28.4%,猪盲肠内容物检出空肠弯曲杆菌阳性的样品420份,平均阳性率为34.4%。结论:28个产地的鸡、猪均有空肠弯曲杆菌感染,不同产地、种属其感染率和发病情况不同,经统计学分析显示,猪的感染阳性率显著高于鸡,上海市内(奉贤等地)来源的畜禽感染阳性率显著低于浙江金华、江苏海门、江苏张家港和江苏大丰等外省市地区。     

美国的牛奶定价方法

直到19世纪末,像大多数液体一样,牛奶是依据体积来简单定价的。但是,每一位牛奶生产者都知道牛奶离统一标准还差很远。因为饲养管理、奶牛个体、泌乳期、季节和其他未知因素导致了牛奶成分的不同,例如,一些牛奶含有比其他牛奶多两倍的脂肪。1890年Babcock检测发展起来,这是一种简单、快速、准确地检测乳脂肪成分的方法。它可以直接确定从牛奶中提炼出奶油或者黄油的量,并且可以精确地预测奶酪的量。Babcock检测方法改革了牛奶的定价,并很快被购买牛奶的工厂采用。随着商业性乳产业的发展,牛奶量的检测从体积基准转向重量,因为精确地确定重…     

新型半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂对畜禽应激的生理调控作用研究

以动物应激的发生、发展过程以及对畜禽生产性能的影响为理论基础,阐述了半胱胺对抗畜禽应激可能的机制,总结了应激条件下半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂(CT2000)在畜禽生产上的应用研究结果,为半胱胺抗应激作用提供理论和实践依据。     

有机硒对种公牛精子活力、免疫力和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用5头成年种公牛作试验牛,采用分期试验,试验前期饲喂基础日粮,试验中期和后期添加一定量的有机硒,试验期采集种公牛的精液进行精子活力的检测,并分别采取血样进行血常规检测和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的测定.试验结果表明：在种公牛日粮中添加一定量的有机硒能显著提高种公牛的精子活力和免疫力（P〈0.05）,但对血常规主要指标无显著的影响。     

滨州市推广紫穗槐产业发展有关问题探讨

该文阐述了紫穗槐的特性,提出了滨州市推广种植紫穗槐的重要性和可行性,并进行了效益分析。     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.