浅谈“绿葬”的主要形式及其植物配置

随着中西方墓园形式的趋于生态化和人们思想观念的转化。"绿葬"作为一种新型的丧葬形式逐渐为人们所接受与应用,并迅速发展,前景良好。现对"绿葬"的概念和形式做以简要介绍,列举了树葬、鲜花葬、草坪葬等绿葬形式在墓园规划设计中的具体应用方法,对此种新型丧葬形式的发展前景作出了简要分析,并详细阐述了各种形式在规划设计中植物种类的选择和配置,以期对现代生态墓园建设提供参考和有意义的启示。     

野生稻与栽培稻的杂种后代对褐稻虱的抗性机制初探

为了开拓抗虫基因源,培育抗性稳定的水稻抗虫品种,采用感虫的栽培稻雄性不育株为母本,以高抗褐稻虱的野生稻为父本进行有性杂交。通过用改良的苗期群体筛选法,对其后代进行抗性鉴定,证实其抗性可以遗传,已成功地获得了抗褐稻虱的杂种后代。并根据飞虱在抗虫植株上的生存率、群体建立、蜜露量和稻株的受害级别等指标与感虫对照种TN1上的差异显著性作比较,综合评定杂种后代对褐稻虱的抗性机制。结果表明,测试的N482(A)/101392组合的F_5、F_6、F_7和H_4等几个后代对褐稻虱的抗性机制均为抗生性。     

香蕉枯萎病防治进展

香蕉枯萎病是一种对外检疫性病害，世界各生产区均有不同程度的发生，每年给农业生产造成巨大损失，是一种难以防治的土传病害。本文重点阐述了香蕉枯萎病的防治方法和未来发展趋势。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

利用性诱剂防治花生田暗黑鳃金龟的研究

为明确暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)性诱剂对成虫的引诱效果及对幼虫虫口密度的降低作用,在全国主要花生产区开展了田间诱捕试验,调查诱捕成虫数、幼虫减退率及对花生的保果效果。结果表明:一台诱捕器一天内诱到的最大成虫数为977头;幼虫减退率最高可达78.8%,保果效果最高可达68.6%。表明暗黑鳃金龟性诱剂对成虫有很强的引诱效果,并能明显减轻幼虫为害。     

亚麻芥油体表达bFGF冻干粉的稳定性和安全性

融合表达bFGF蛋白的亚麻芥油体(COB-bFGF)冻干粉具有加速皮肤创伤愈合的功效.以COB-bFGF冻干粉为研究对象,在高温、高湿、强光、40℃短期放置、25℃长期放置的条件下,考察COB-bFGF冻干粉的外观、pH、促增殖活性等稳定性指标,并采用大鼠的急性皮肤毒性和重复皮肤毒性试验,对COB-bFGF冻干粉进行安...     

绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂复合保健饮料的生产工艺

以绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂为主要原料,配以柠檬酸、蜂蜜、蔗糖、稳定剂等辅料,经科学加工成有益于人体健康的保健饮料。就绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂复合保健饮料的生产工艺、配方和关键技术进行了研究。通过正交试验及方差分析确定出该饮品的最佳配方为D4B2E4C4A2,即澄清的绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂混合汁用量为35%,蔗糖8%,蜂蜜2.8%,柠檬酸钾0.2%,柠檬酸0.4%,水53.6%(上述百分比均为质量分数)。通过小试还确定出产品最适稳定剂配方为A2B1C2,即羧甲基纤维素钠0.20%,黄原胶0.01%,果胶0.15%,混合使用时稳定效果最好。此外还简述了绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂的营养和药用价值,为绞股蓝、决明子、大枣、山楂复合保健饮料的研制、应用和进一步工业化生产提供了科学依据。     

Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h⁻¹) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.     

出口禽肉现状及其对策

１出口禽肉的现状１．１禽肉出口量逐年下降 ,以上海口岸为例 ,１９９７年、１９９８年出口量分别为４．４４万吨、３．８８万吨 ,较上年分别减少１９．５２%和１２．６７%。这主要是出口渠道单一 ,大量集中在日本。亚洲金融危机不仅造成日本市场萧条、需求减少 ,而且由于泰国货币贬值形成了价格竞争优势 ,致使我国禽肉产品没有了原先价格优势。同时１９９８年初 ,香港禽流感事件和欧盟至今未解除进口我国禽肉产品的禁令 ,都对我国禽肉出口造成影响。１．２当前国外对禽肉产品的要求日趋严格 ,要出口必须先行注册。只有获得国外卫生当局批准…     

我市畜产品的安全问题和对策

随着国民经济的不断发展,人民生活水平的逐步提高,肉、蛋、奶等畜禽产品在食品结构中比重越来越大,人民群众对健康日益重视,对畜产品安全卫生要求也越来越严格。同时,加入WTO后,我国产品的低成本经营在国际市场上具有价格优势,但由于没有建立完善的畜产品质量保障体系,在国际市场上有优势无市场。因此,畜产品的质量日益受到人民群众和政府的重视,迅速提高畜产品质量,抓好安全食品生产,已成当务之急。1我市畜产品安全存在的主要问题1.1疫病仍然严重。由于政府和广大畜牧兽医人员的不懈努力,疫病对畜禽的危害明显减轻,因疫病造成的损失明显…