Effects of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia

A total of 360 Nile tilapia at an average initial body weight of 3.9 g were randomly allocated to four treatments, each of which had three replicates of 30 fish per tank and used to investigate the effects of Cu²⁺‐exchanged montmorillonite (Cu‐MMT) on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. The dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 MMT; (iii) basal diet + 30 mg kg^?1 copper as CuSO₄ (equivalent to the copper in the Cu‐MMT treatment group), or (iv) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 Cu‐MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu‐MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared with the control and fish fed with Cu‐MMT had higher growth performance than those fed with MMT or CuSO₄. Supplementation with Cu‐MMT reduced (P < 0.05) the total intestinal aerobic bacterial counts and affected the composition of intestinal microflora with Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligence, Enterobacteriaceae decreasing as compared with the control. Addition of MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. Addition of Cu‐MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and the activities of total protease, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. While supplementation with CuSO₄ had no (P > 0.05) effect on intestinal microflora, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities the results showed that Cu‐MMT exhibited antibacterial activity in vivo resulting in a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities, and then promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrition.     

外源性Vc对普安银鲫仔鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响

将维生素C添加到普安银鲫的孵化水体中,维生素C浓度设置为20、25、30和35 mg/L,记录孵化率及仔鱼存活率,测定各浓度组中普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)仔鱼发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,研究维生素C(Vc)对普安银鲫仔鱼发育的影响。结果显示:SOD和CAT的活性随着普安银鲫仔鱼发育时间的延长而增加,而GSH-Px活性则随着发育时间的延长而降低;30 mg/L的Vc溶液能显著(P0.05)提高普安银鲫仔鱼SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,且SOD的活性在出膜72 h后开始显著降低(P0.05),而CAT和GSH-Px则无显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明:普安银鲫仔鱼中抗氧化作用以SOD和CAT为主;适宜浓度的Vc添加到普安银鲫的育苗水体中能提高仔鱼的抗氧化能力。     

北盘江2种典型增殖放流鱼类突进游速研究

长臀（Cranoglanis bouderius）和白甲鱼（Onychostoma sima）是目前北盘江主要放流鱼类,但这2种鱼的放流效果差异较大。由于鱼类的突进游速在一定程度上影响增殖放流的效果,故试验采用自制测试装置,用递增流速法测试了2种鱼的突进游速。结果显示,白甲鱼的突进游速大于长臀,且2种鱼的突进游速均随体长增加而近似线性增大;而相对突进游速则随着体长的增加而近似线性减小。研究结果可为北盘江鱼类增殖放流和放流效果评估,以及日后北盘江的拦鱼、诱鱼、集鱼船等鱼类资源保护措施的实施提供参考。     

2种LED灯的蓝圆鲹和竹荚鱼渔获比较

为了探索节能减排的海洋捕捞作业方式,在中国沿海海域做了白光（偏绿光）发射二极管（LED）水下灯和蓝紫光LED水下灯集鱼试验。对比2种等光能LED集鱼灯周围蓝圆鲹（Decapterus maruadsi）和竹筴鱼（Trachurus japonicus）的渔获,对渔获数据进行t检验分析表明,白光LED灯对蓝圆鲹的光诱效果显著优于蓝紫光LED灯;白光LED灯对竹筴鱼的光诱效果极显著优于蓝紫光LED灯。海上试验结果证实,在实验室水槽中所得的光诱鱼试验结果对海洋捕捞实践具有很好的指导作用。     

广西工厂化循环水养殖石斑鱼水质处理效果

通过集成海水养鱼、生化处理、设施工程、环境工程、电器自控和水质监控等技术,建立一套适合广西地区应用的工厂化循环水石斑鱼养殖系统。该养殖系统处理流程为:鱼池→沉淀池→蛋白质分离器→生物滤池→海马齿浮床→紫外杀菌,生物滤池包括A、B、C三个通道,A、B通道均由珊瑚石作为一、二级生物过滤和生化球作为三级过滤,C通道由珊瑚石作为一级过滤和椰子壳碎作为二、三级过滤。结果显示:沉淀池处理可以显著降低鱼池的COD,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐的质量浓度(P<0.05);经海马齿浮床系统处理后,硝酸盐氮质量浓度显著低于沉淀池、蛋白质分离器处理池、生物滤池A、B通道(P<0.05);整体上,C通道水质指标略低于A、B通道,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。该研究结果可为广西沿海发展循环水养殖技术以及养殖生产方式转变提供可靠的科学数据和技术参考。     

河湖水生态系统服务价值核算研究及应用展望

科学有效地界定河湖水生态系统服务价值评估体系与评估指标,可以促进河湖水生态的可持续发展、合理制定水资源价格、为河湖水生态系统服务价值评估提供参考,同时也为河湖水资源纳入国民经济核算体系提供借鉴,为绿色经济核算提供有力的依据。从河湖水生态系统服务功能、评估体系和评估方法等方面总结了国内外研究进展,分析了现有河湖水生态系统服务体系和评估方法的优缺点。对河湖水生态系统服务评估体系进行了优化,优化后的评估体系包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和支持服务4大类以及水资源供给、水质净化、科研教育和固碳能力等19项指标,优化了水资源供给、提供水产品、水质净化、防洪减灾、休闲娱乐、生物多样性保护等6个指标的评估方法。对河湖水生态系统服务价值核算在生态文明建设考核、生态产品价值实现机制、自然资源资产审计以及新时期河湖长制考核实施方面的应用进行了展望。下一步要制订GEP核算技术标准,建设市场化、多元化的生态产品交易体系,将水资源开发、利用及保护情况、水资源管理生态环境效益等指标纳入审计范围,建立以水生态系统为整体、以维护河湖生态系统健康为总目标、以定量评判和可操作性为抓手的新的河湖长制考核体系。     

中华绒螯蟹37个多态性微卫星标记在亲子遗传中的分离方式分析

为了评估基因组扫描方法获得的中华绒螯蟹微卫星标记的遗传方式,随机选择60个候选三核苷酸微卫星标记,首先利用中华绒螯蟹F1家系双亲及其6个F1子代共8个样品进行PCR扩增验证和多态性检测,随后对多态性标记位点在80子代个体中的亲子遗传分离类型及连锁关系进行了分析。结果显示,42个（70.00%）位点得到清晰扩增产物,其中有5个单态微卫星位点和37个多态微卫星位点。多态位点中23个位点子代基因基因型为1：1：1：1分离类型,11个位点属1：1分离类型,余下3个位点为1：2：1分离类型。37个多态位点中35个位点（94.59%）的分离符合孟德尔分离比（P>0.05）,scaffold430598_213690和scaffold21303_16865位点显著偏离1：1：1：1分离比。35个分离比符合孟德尔分离比的位点中,scaffold240262_150253、scaffold216209_138892、scaffold293154_172768三个标记发生连锁关系,scaffold285640_169721和scaffold427534_212914发生连锁关系,scaffold507500_231891和scaffold92860_68250标记发生连锁关系。以上结果表明开发的候选微卫星标记适用于中华绒螯蟹亲子鉴定和遗传图谱构建。     

复合微生物制剂在日本鳗鲡土池精养中的应用

本研究开展了对日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica) 精养殖土池,定期泼洒施用一种复合微生物制剂（Freshplus净水剂）的对比试验,定期监测了处理组和对照组池塘的水温、pH、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、COD、碱度等水质指标,并分析对比了鳗鱼养殖效果。结果表明：Freshplus净水剂的施用能显著降低鳗鱼土池水体氨氮浓度60.5% (p＜0.05)、显著提高鳗鱼生长速度33.0% (p＜0.05),降低饲料系数9.6% (p＜0.1)。     

鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的生物学参数及资源量的估算

研究基于鄱阳湖渔业资源调查数据,运用软件FiSAT II对翘嘴鳜的生物学参数及其资源量进行了初步估算。结果显示,鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜体长范围为77-526 mm;体长和体重的关系式为W = 1.888´10-5L3.042(R2=0.951, n=577),von Bertalanffy生长方程的各参数为: 渐进体长L∞ = 551.25 mm,生长系数K = 0.210,理论生长起点年龄t0 = -0.601。总死亡系数Z=1.06/a,自然死亡系数M=0.44/a,捕捞死亡系数F=0.62/a,最适开捕体长为150 mm。鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜开发率E = 0.58,处于资源过度利用状态。鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜的初始资源量估算高达1.92´104 t,最大可持续产量MSY为4384.93 t。鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜群体中补充群体和低龄剩余群体的比例明显增加,低龄化和小型化趋势凸显,资源衰退问题突出,但生长潜力依然存在。应采取降低对鄱阳湖翘嘴鳜繁殖群体的捕捞强度、保护产卵场等积极措施来保护这一珍贵的渔业资源。     

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.