多年生黑麦草花粉活力和柱头可授性

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)品种‘Pinnacle’为材料,用TTC染色法和花粉管体外萌发法测定花粉在4种贮藏条件下(4℃常态、4℃干燥、-20℃常态和-20℃干燥)的活力变化;采用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定开花前和开花后不同时段的柱头可授性。结果表明:多年生黑麦草花粉不耐贮藏,相比较而言,4℃干燥有利于其保存,7 d后花粉活力可维持在5%左右;而柱头可授性在开花前1 d至开花后5 h较强,该时间内授粉有利于受精作用,可提高结实率。     

In vitro antioxidant activities of barley, husked oat, naked oat, triticale, and buckwheat wastes and their influence on the growth and biomarkers of antioxidant status in rats

The study was aimed at verification of the following hypothesis: differences in antioxidant capacity of diets consisting of different cereals and byproducts affect the antioxidant status of the consumers of these diets. To validate that hypothesis this study investigated the contents of polyphenols and alpha-tocopherol as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in vitro of cereals and their fractions (barley, husked and naked oat, oat bran, and triticale); the nutritional and antioxidant properties of diets containing these cereals, applied in a 4-week feeding experiment on rats, were also assessed. Among the cereals examined, the highest TAC was reported for barley (13.16 micromol of Trolox/g) and the lowest for naked oat (3.84 micromol of Trolox/g). Compared with cereals, the TAC of buckwheat waste was 2-3 times higher (25.2 micromol of Trolox/g). The antioxidant capacity of diets, calculated in vitro, ranged from 6.35 micromol of Trolox/g for naked oat type diet to 10.51 micromol of Trolox/g for barley type diet. Results of an in vitro study were confirmed in changes of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the serum of rats fed diets with the highest and lowest antioxidant capacities in vitro; the barley diet increased the activity of GPx (37.63 units/mL) and decreased the level of TBARS (4.82 microg/g), whereas the naked oat diet had an opposite effect (31.16 units/mL and 5.91 microg/g, respectively).     

烧烤竹炭表面结构特征及其对水体中铵氮的吸附行为

在运用 X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪（SEM\|EDS）和傅立叶红外光谱议（FTIR）等仪器分析烧烤竹炭表面结构特性基础上,研究其对水体中铵氮的静态吸附行为。结果表明,以微孔为主的烧烤竹炭表面含有多种含氧官能团,如羟基、羧基等,同时还含有亚甲基、反异烯烃、芳香族和脂肪族结构;烧烤竹炭对铵氮的吸附在80 min内基本达到吸附平衡,其吸附量随着水溶液中铵氮的增加而增加,Freundlich方程能够更好地描述铵氮在烧烤竹炭上的等温吸附行为;系统的ΔG ＜0,ΔH ＞0,烧烤竹炭对铵氮的吸附作用是一个自发的吸热过程;铵氮在烧烤竹炭上的吸附动力学数据符合准二级方程,吸附过程受外部液膜扩散、表面吸附和颗粒内扩散过程的影响。     

推进海洋生态研究 促进海洋生态文明

阐述了海洋对人类赖以生存的地球的重要作用以及我国海洋领土的现状,指出了我国在大力发展现代经济的过程中对海洋环境造成的损害及其严重性,着重论述了海洋生态学研究对我国海洋情报获取、海洋资源合理开发以及海洋生物多样性保护中的重要意义,并且指出了海洋生态学研究对促进我国海洋生态文明建设中的重要地位。     

The relationship between the variants of the bovine MBL2 gene and milk production traits, mastitis, serum MBL-C levels and complement activity

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a calcium-dependent collagenous lectin, plays an important role in the host immune defence against a wide range of pathogens. There are MBL1 and MBL2 genes which encode the MBL-A and MBL-C proteins, respectively. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the variants of the bovine MBL2 gene and milk production traits, mastitis, serum MBL-C levels and hemolytic complement activity in both classical pathway (CH50) and alternative pathway (ACH50) in Chinese Holstein cattle. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon 1 of the MBL2 gene in Chinese Holstein cattle and Luxi yellow cattle were identified by the direct sequencing method. The SNP g.201 G>A was identified as a non-synonymous mutation (codon 31, Arg>Gln) at the N-terminus cysteine-rich domain and the SNPs g.234 C>A and g.235 G>A (codon 42) made Pro to Gln at the 1st Gly-X-Y repeat of the collagen-like domain, while the SNP g.244 T>C (codon 45) was identified as a synonymous mutation (Asn>Asn) at the 2th Gly-X-Y repeat of the collagen-like domain. The SNP markers (g.201 G>A, and g.234 C>A) were significantly correlated with somatic cell score (SCS) (P<0.05). The concentration of MBL-C protein in serum ranges from 0.8 to 7.4μg/mL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Six combinations of different haplotypes from the four SNPs were identified in Chinese Holstein cattle. Statistical analysis revealed that cows with the haplotype combination H4H5 exhibited the lowest SCS. The CH50 value of H4H5 and H5H5 cow are significantly higher than H2H5 haplotype combination (P<0.05). The association analysis results showed that the haplotype combination H4H5 may be used as a tolerance haplotype combination for the bovine mastitis.     

PY_1 40型摇臂式喷头摇臂碰撞过程数值模拟

基于显式动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了摇臂式喷头摇臂绕轴旋转、碰撞喷体的有限元分析模型,在3种摇臂转动角速度和喷体安装弹性橡胶垫与否的组合工况下,对摇臂与喷体的碰撞过程及动应力分布进行了计算模拟.结果表明,PY_140型摇臂式喷头在转动角速度400(°)/s时,计算的碰撞动应力峰值为42.3 MPa,与试验值的误差小于0.5%,预测的发生位置距离摇臂转轴中心15 cm,与试验结果相同.摇臂各断面的动应力极值和碰撞接触应力均随转动角速度的增加而增大,喷体打击块安装橡胶垫后,3种转动角速度下动应力峰值平均降低了10.4%,但接触时间平均增加了76.6%.     

一种森林流域生态系统管理与评价的新技术——NetMap简介

我国目前的生态系统评估多是将森林和流域生态系统分别评估,没能真正体现生态系统各个过程与功能的耦合性及复杂性。美国加利福尼亚地理信息研究所研发的NetMap,是目前为止发展最完整的森林流域生态系统管理与评价系统,除了美国本土已有多个国家用于流域管理与评价。它以地形数据为基础,从流域角度出发,通过流域地形地貌、植被覆盖及土地利用变化、林火风险与火烈度等级、水文过程以及侵蚀潜在性等方面综合评价研究森林流域水文过程变化与生态系统健康状况,增加生态系统评估的时空性和动态过程。本文主要介绍它的背景、主要功能和应用前景。     

Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs

RNA silencing processes are guided by small RNAs that are derived from double-stranded RNA. To probe for function of RNA silencing during infection of human cells by a DNA virus, we recorded the small RNA profile of cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We show that EBV expresses several microRNA (miRNA) genes. Given that miRNAs function in RNA silencing pathways either by targeting messenger RNAs for degradation or by repressing translation, we identified viral regulators of host and/or viral gene expression.     

不同氮气浓度、温度条件下锈赤扁谷盗未成熟阶段各虫态的发育

设置三种氮气浓度(78.8%、83.0%和88.0%)和五种温度(19.9℃、25.0℃、29.3℃、34.7℃和39.8℃)的实验组合,在13.3%水分的稻谷上对锈赤扁谷盗卵、幼虫和蛹的生长、发育进行了观察,获得了各虫态发育历期、发育速率及发育起点温度和有效积温,讨论了氮气及温度对发育历期、发育速率等的影响,并分别建立了发育历期、发育速率与温度关系的经验公式。