汽车信息交换平台与行业集成供应链管理模式

本文简要介绍了基于中国汽车信息交换平台的汽车行业集成供应链管理模型，对其结构模型进行了分析，指出该管理模型对中国汽车工业发展将发挥重要作用。     

尿素配施有机物料时土壤不同氮素形态的动态及利用

用盆栽试验研究了尿素配施有机物料时土壤不同氮素形态的动态和利用特征。结果表明：尿素与C／N比高的小麦秸秆配施时，降低了作物吸氮量；与C／N比低的鸡粪配施时，增加了作物的吸氮量。但尿素单施，尿素与小麦秸秆配施，与鸡粪配施的生物量并没有显著的差异。尿素的水解和硝化在14d以前完成。与单施尿素相比，尿素配施秸秆降低了土壤中NH4－N和NO3－N的含量，而配施鸡粪增加了它们的含量，这与作物吸氮量的变化是一致的。土壤中微生物氮也参与了对作物的供氮过程。作物对“老固定态铵”的利用能力很弱，施肥会显著的增加土壤固定态铵的含量，这些“新固定铵”在作物生长期能被吸收利用。几种处理氮肥利用率的顺序为：尿素＞尿素与鸡粪配施＞尿素与秸秆配施。     

SCARA并联机构拓扑分析与其低耦合度机型设计

根据基于方位特征(Position and orientation characteristics,POC)的并联机构拓扑结构设计理论与方法,首先,对已提出的一类7个具有较好实用价值的SCARA并联机构,进行了拓扑结构分析,揭示了其POC集、自由度(含驱动副选取)、过约束数、耦合度以及输入-输出运动解耦性等5个最主要的拓扑特征,且发现这些机构的耦合度均较大,为2,表明其运动学正解和动力学求解十分复杂;继而基于机构拓扑结构降耦原理,又对κ=2的这7个机构进行了拓扑结构降耦优化,得到了低耦合度(κ=1),而机构POC、自由度(Degree of freedom,DOF)等保持不变的实现SCARA运动的14个新机型,不仅丰富了实现SCARA运动的4-DOF三平移一转动机型库,而且降低了这些机构的运动学和动力学代数求解难度,而其数值解可用一维搜索法方便求得,从而为这一类SCARA并联机构的运动学和动力学分析、设计及应用提供了理论基础。     

县·乡镇两级尺度下耕地质量空间自相关分析——以湖北省广水市为例

[目的]从县级、乡镇级两级空间尺度上运用空间自相关分析(Moran’s I)方法定量研究广水市耕地质量的空间集聚性规律特征。[方法]基于空间自相关Moran’s I分析方法,以湖北省广水市为研究区,将耕地质量国家自然等指数、利用等指数和经济等指数作为空间变量,以耕地图斑作为空间单元进行空间自相关分析,从县级和乡镇级两级尺度上分析耕地质量空间差异性特征并进行两级对比分析。[结果]广水市耕地质量在空间分布上呈现出一定的集聚性规律,"中北部"的耕地质量较高,"西北角"耕地质量相对较低,其他地方耕地质量处于中等水平且分布较集中。广水市耕地质量在县级和乡镇级尺度上呈现出较强的空间自相关,说明在空间格局上呈现出很强的集聚态势。县、乡镇两级尺度上,耕地质量指数Moran’s I值均呈现出国家经济等指数国家利用等指数国家自然等指数的递减特征,三者均呈现显著的空间正相关集聚态势。[结论]耕地质量空间差异在不同尺度上有一定的敏感性和内部差异性特征,耕地质量空间差异特征研究可为土地整治、高标准基本农田划定等工作提供参考。     

茶叶叶绿素混合液浸提法提取条件优化

本文采用混合液浸提法制得叶绿素提取液,分别从混合液配比、提取的温度、提取时间和浸提液用量等方面进行了系统试验,并从叶绿素的提取量和提取液的稳定性方面比较了混合液提取法与传统的丙酮研磨法.结果表明,混合液浸提法提取叶绿素,提取完全,提取量高于传统法;而且,混合液浸提法制得的叶绿素提取液稳定性更好.试验总结出,混合液浸提法的最佳条件是:室温下,以丙酮∶乙醇∶水=3∶6∶1的混合液30 mL,避光提取1 h.     

淮北平原1966～2007年蒸发量变化趋势及其影响因素分析

选择安徽淮北平原五道沟实验站1966～2007年的逐年器皿蒸发、不同深度的潜水蒸发资料以及对应的气温、相对湿度、水汽饱和差、风速、日照时数等气象数据计算淮北平原40年来蒸发过程的变化趋势及其与气象因子的关系,分析其相互作用关系。结果表明,近40年来淮北平原温度呈上升趋势,年均温度的增幅逐渐减小有利于蒸发能力增加,而太阳辐射、风速等减少和相对湿度增加蒸发阻力,且后者作用大于前者。在此基础上建立以气象变化因子的蒸发能力预测模型,能很好地反映气候变化过程对水面蒸发、潜水蒸发的影响,有利于评估未来水量平衡关系分析和预测。     

Chemical Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study Yield Desotamide a Analogues with Improved Antibacterial Activity

Desotamides A, a cyclohexapeptide produced by the deep-sea-derived Streptomyces scopuliridis SCSIO ZJ46, displays notable antibacterial activities against strains of Streptococcus pnuemoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). In this study, to further explore its antibacterial potential and reveal the antibacterial structure-activity relationship of desotamides, 13 cyclopeptides including 10 new synthetic desotamide A analogues and wollamides B/B1/B2 were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens. The bioactivity data reveal that residues at position II and VI greatly impact antibacterial activity. The most potent antibacterial analogues are desotamide A4 (13) and A6 (15) where l-allo-Ile at position II was substituted with l-Ile and Gly at position VI was simultaneously replaced by d-Lys or d-Arg; desotamides A4 (13) and A6 (15) showed a 2–4-fold increase of antibacterial activities against a series of Gram-positive pathogens including the prevalent clinical drug-resistant pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC values of 8–32 μg/mL compared to the original desotamide A. The enhanced antibacterial activity, broad antibacterial spectrum of desotamides A4 and A6 highlighted their potential as new antibiotic leads for further development.     

Transepithelial Transport of Theasinensins through Caco-2 Cell Monolayers and Their Absorption in Sprague-Dawley Rats after Oral Administration

The aim of this study is to illustrate the in vivo and in vitro absorption of theasinensins B and A that are (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)-(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) dimer and EGCG dimer, respectively, and their transport pathway across the intestinal membrane. Our animal study by a single oral administration to rats demonstrated the intact absorption of theasinensins into the blood system, which was estimated to be a >10-fold lower absorption amount than EGCG. The in vitro absorption study indicated that theasinensins can be transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers, while their permeability coefficients were also >10-fold lower than those of EGCG and EGC. Transport experiments using cytochalasin D or quercetin as a tight junction (TJ) modulator and a non-saturable permeation revealed that theasinensins were transported across Caco-2 cells in a TJ paracellular diffusion route. In conclusion, the dimers of condensed catechins, theasinensins B and A, can be absorbed intact into rat blood and transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers probably through a TJ paracellular pathway.     

Review of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eilema</Emphasis> group of lichen moths from South Korea,with description of one new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)

This review details the Korean species of the Eilema group in the subfamily Arctiinae of Erebidae: 19 species in five genera (Manulea, Collita, Katha, Dolgoma, and Wittia), a new species (Collita hwacheonensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, sp. nov.), and an unrecorded species [C. vetusta aegrota (Butler 1877)]. All species are diagnosed, and figures of the adults and genitalia and a key to species based on male genital structure of Eilema group in South Korea are included.     

Ontogenetic changes in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis of two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks differing in leaf life span

A quantitative analysis was applied to the stomatal and biochemical limitations to light-saturated net photosynthesis under optimal field conditions in mature trees and seedlings of the co-occurring evergreen oak, Quercus ilex L., and the deciduous oak, Q. faginea Lam. Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate were determined from assimilation versus intercellular leaf carbon dioxide concentration response curves of leaves that were subsequently analyzed for nitrogen (N) concentration, mass per unit area, thickness and percent internal air space. In both species, seedlings had a lower leaf mass per unit area, thickness and leaf N concentration than mature trees. The root system of seedlings during their third year after planting was dominated by a taproot. A lower leaf N concentration of seedlings was associated with lower maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate and with assimilation rates similar to or lower than those of mature trees, despite the higher stomatal conductances and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies of seedlings. Consequently, stomatal limitation to photosynthesis increased with tree age in both species. In both seedlings and mature trees, a lower assimilation rate in Q. ilex than in Q. faginea was associated with lower stomatal conductance, N allocation to photosynthetic functions, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate, and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but greater leaf thickness and leaf mass per unit area. Tree-age-related changes differed quantitatively between species, and the characteristics of the two species were more similar in seedlings than in mature trees. Despite higher stomatal conductances, seedlings are more N limited than adult trees, which contributes to lower biochemical efficiency.