A Multistate Investigation of Antibiotic‐Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:‐ Infections as Part of an International Outbreak Associated with Frozen Feeder Rodents

While most human Salmonella infections result from exposure to contaminated foods, an estimated 11% of all Salmonella infections are attributed to animal exposures, including both direct animal handling and indirect exposures such as cleaning cages and handling contaminated pet food. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of the response to an international outbreak of tetracycline‐resistant Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:‐ infections with over 500 illnesses occurring from 2008 to 2010. This investigation found that illness due to the outbreak strain was significantly associated with exposure to pet reptiles and frozen feeder rodents used as food for pet reptiles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strain were isolated from a frozen feeder mice‐fed reptile owned by a case patient, as well as from frozen feeder mice and environmental samples collected from a rodent producing facility (Company A). An international voluntary recall of all Company A produced frozen feeder animals sold between May 2009 and July 2010 occurred. Only 13% of cases in our investigation were aware of the association between Salmonella infection and mice or rats. Consumers, the pet industry, healthcare providers and veterinarians need to be aware of the potential health risk posed by feeder rodents, whether live or frozen. Frozen feeder rodent producers, suppliers and distributors should follow the animal food labelling requirements as described in 21 CFR §501.5, and all packages of frozen feeder rodents should include safe handling instructions. Persons should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling live or frozen feeder rodents, as well as reptiles or anything in the area where the animals live. Continued opportunities exist for public health officials, the pet industry, veterinarians and consumers to work together to prevent salmonellosis associated with pet food, pets and other animals.     

副猪嗜血杆菌黑龙江株的分离与鉴定

为确定黑龙江某猪场发病猪群的病原,本研究从疑似浆膜炎的病料中分离到一株革兰氏阴性细小杆菌,通过对其进行细菌形态学、培养特征、生化特性和16S rRNA基因PCR鉴定,结果表明该分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌(HLJ-1分离株)。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示:该分离菌株与参考株的基因同源性达99%;药敏试验结果表明HLJ-1分离株对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟等β-内酰胺类抗生素高度敏感;小白鼠致病性试验结果显示,该分离株具有较强致病性。     

扩大管行比对滴灌春小麦干物质积累、转运和籽粒产量的影响

【目的】研究扩大管行比对滴灌春小麦干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,以新春22号和新春44号为供试材料,设置1管4行(TR₄)、1管6行(TR₆)和1管8行(TR₈),3种不同的管行比滴灌带配置方式,测定不同管行比种植方式下,滴灌春小麦植株及各器官干物质积累量、产量和产量构成因子等指标。【结果】不同处理下2个小麦品种的单株和各器官干物质积累量随带宽增加均呈下降趋势,且均以TR₄处理为最大。在TR₄处理下,2个小麦品种的总干物质积累量于成熟期达到最大值,且新春44号干物质积累量高于新春22号。新春44号干物质最大积累量、干物质积累速率均高于新春22号。2个品种的籽粒产量均随着带宽的增加呈下降趋势,在TR₄处理下,新春22号和新春44号的籽粒产量分别为7 716.45和8 096.48 kg/hm²。【结论】在TR₆处理下,小麦籽粒产量降幅较小,新春44号产量降幅度小于新春22号,且新春44号籽粒产量高于新春22号。新春44号更适于在大管行比滴灌种植方式下种植。     

棉花优良品种中棉所27直接胚胎发生与植株再生

选用我国难培养基因型优良棉花品种中棉所27进行组织培养,研究了该品种体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生能力。该品种体细胞胚胎发生有2种情况:一是由外植体直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织并形成不同发育时期的胚状体;二是先诱导获得非胚性愈伤组织,再经多次继代培养,获得胚胎发生。不同激素及其组合和浓度配比是影响中棉所27直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织及体细胞胚胎发生的直接因素。另外,饥饿培养及继代周期对胚胎发生也有重要影响。0.1mg/LKT和0.1mg/LIAA组合、0.1mg/LKT和0.1mg/LZT组合、0.1mg/LZT单独使用,在饥饿条件下培养,均能直接高效诱导获得大量胚性愈伤组织,并有短期内形成不同发育时期的胚状体。胚状体在不含任何激素的MS B5培养基上培养有利于植株再生,并降低畸形苗形成率。另外,还发现不同培养基对中棉所27胚性愈伤组织增殖、体细胞胚形成和萌发的影响不同。     

Tillage and crop sequence effects on organic carbon and total nitrogen content in an irrigated Alberta soil

A better understanding of tillage effects on soil organic matter is vital for development of effective soil conservation practices. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of tillage and crop sequence on soil organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) content in an irrigated southern Alberta soil. A field experiment was conducted using a split–split plot design from 1994 to 1998 in Alberta, Canada. There were two crop sequences (Sequence 1: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)–spring wheat–annual legume; and Sequence 2: spring wheat–spring wheat–annual legume–sugar beet) and two tillage practices (CT: conventional tillage and MT: minimum tillage). Surface soil under MT had significantly higher OC (30.1 Mg ha⁻¹) content than under CT (28.3 Mg ha⁻¹) after 4 years of treatment. The MT treatment retains crop residue at the soil surface, reduces soil erosion and slows organic matter decomposition, which are key factors in enhancing the soil fertility status of southern Alberta irrigated soils.     

低分子有机酸对茶园土壤中Al、F、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的活化效应

本文通过用不同浓度 (0mmol l、 0 5mmol l、 1mmol l、 2mmol l、 5mmol l、 10mmol l) ,不同有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸 )及氨基酸 (谷氨酸、天冬氨酸 )对土壤中Al、F和几种营养元素 (P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn)的浸提实验 ,得出结论 :(1)有机酸及氨基酸对土壤中的Al、F、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn具有活化作用 ,但其活化作用的大小因茶根分泌物的种类和浓度及土壤理化性质而异 ,即一般而言 ,柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸的活化作用较     

Pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated buprenorphine suspension following subcutaneous administration to cats

We investigated the effects of liposome encapsulation at prolonging the systemic exposure of buprenorphine following subcutaneous administration in cats. Seven healthy male cats were dosed intravenously with 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine solution (STD‐BUP), followed 14 days later by a subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/kg buprenorphine as a liposomal suspension (SUS‐BUP) containing drug molecules both in liposomes and the suspending vehicle. Buprenorphine time plasma concentration data for both dosing routes were analyzed simultaneously with four compartmental models. Goodness of fit was assessed both graphically and with the Akaike information criterion. The time‐course of intravenous STD‐BUP was biphasic, with a 4.39 h average terminal half‐life. The subcutaneous SUS‐BUP produced plasma buprenorphine concentrations above 0.5 μg/L for more than 96 h, with three distinct peaks in the first 15 h. The model with best fit comprised a central and a peripheral compartment, plus three subcutaneous absorption compartments: one of dissolved drug molecules that were absorbed through a first‐order process, and two of liposome‐encapsulated drug molecules that were transferred to the solution compartment through separate zero‐order processes. Liposomes effectively prolonged the systemic exposure of buprenorphine in cats.     

受污农田中农作物对重金属镉的富集特征研究

采用湿法消化法研究了浙江省不同地区农田污水灌溉后水体、土壤和多种农作物各器官的镉含量,分析了土壤污染状况及农作物对重金属镉的富集特征。结果表明：污水和受污土壤镉含量极显著相关（R^2=0．617,P〈0．01）。不同农作物对镉的吸收程度不同,富集系数为紫云英〉水稻〉大豆〉大麦〉玉米〉小麦。未受污染农作物和受污农作物根系及地上部镉含量差异明显,但镉富集系数差异不明显。同一农作物不同器官对镉的累积规律为根系〉茎叶〉果实。不同农作物果实的富集系数为紫云英〉大麦〉大豆〉水稻〉小麦〉玉米。对几种农作物富集系数和吸收系数的比较发现,玉米和小麦根系及茎叶等营养器官富集镉的能力较强,但果实富集量却很低。6种农作物对镉的转移系数为玉米〉大麦〉紫云英〉小麦〉大豆〉水稻,且转移系数介于0．50～0．95之间,说明这几种农作物均对镉有很好的耐性。     

草莓成熟过程中NAD激酶、NADP磷酸酶活性

 研究了‘春星’草莓果实成熟时NAD 激酶、NADP 磷酸酶活性及NAD 激酶部分特性。结果表明, NAD 激酶和NADP 磷酸酶活性在果实绿色期到乳白期升高, 粉红期下降, 全红期又再次升高。NAD 激酶可被Ca²⁺ 强烈抑制, 被EGTA (Ca²⁺专一性螯合剂) 激活。随着成熟进程, NAD 激酶对ATP 的依赖性增加。     

库尔勒香梨与新梨7号发育过程中可溶性酚类物质含量的变化

对库尔勒香梨(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)与新梨7号(Xinli7)发育过程中果实不同部位及枝叶中的可溶性酚类物质含量的变化进行了测定,结果表明:两个梨品种的果实各部分及枝叶中均有可溶性酚类物质存在;两个梨品种的可溶性酚类物质变化趋势较相似;枝叶中的可溶性酚类物质含量较高,果肉中的则最低.