慢性HCV感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8+和CD38+的检测及临床意义

目的通过测定慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 的表达,从而了解感染者机体细胞免疫状态。方法流式细胞术检测44例慢性HCV感染者及正常对照外周血ALT、外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 细胞的百分率。结果慢性HCV感染者外周血CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。慢性丙型肝炎各组之间比较,ALT异常组CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例高于ALT正常组(P<0.01)。结论慢性HCV感染患者CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例明显升高,表明慢性HCV感染者处于较高的细胞免疫状态,与肝功能损伤有一定的相关性,对指导临床的病情分析和诊断具有参考价值。     

高温和肥水调控对川东南杂交水稻结实率的影响

以5个杂交中稻组合为材料,在智能人工气候室条件下,研究了极端高温对杂交中稻结实率的影响与肥水调控效果.结果 表明,孕穗期和抽穗期日均温33℃以上对结实率的影响显著,38℃以上时结实率急剧下降,抽穗期遇38℃高温,参试品种的结实率均在10％以下;孕穗期受高温影响明显比抽穗期小,33℃条件下,孕穗期高温产量损失在10％以内...     

DMPP mitigates N2O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO), and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) into soils has been documented to effectively reduce emissions. However, the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N₂O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture levels. Thus, further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application. A laboratory incubation study (28 d) was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP, temperature (15, 25, and 35 ℃), and soil moisture (55% and 80% of water-holding capacity (WHC)) on net nitrification rate, N₂O and NO productions, and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable soil. Results showed that incubating soil with 1% DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N₂O and NO productions, and the reduction percentage of N₂O production was higher than that of NO production (69.3% vs. 38.2%) regardless of temperature and soil moisture conditions. The increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N₂O and NO productions. Soil moisture influenced NO production more than N₂O production, decreasing with the increased moisture level (80%). The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55% WHC. Conversely, the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O production increased with increased temperatures at 80% WHC. Based on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling, the mitigation of both N₂O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. Overall, our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N₂O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. These findings improve our insights regarding the implications of DMPP for N₂O and NO mitigations in vegetable soils under various climate scenarios.     

配施有机肥条件下油菜化肥氮减施潜力研究

探明湖南省油菜种植区配施有机肥条件下化肥氮减施潜力,为该地区油菜生产中氮肥减施增效提供参考。田间试验在湖南省郴州市进行,供试油菜品种为湘油420,采用裂区设计,研究配施等量(2250 kg/hm²)有机肥条件下不同氮肥用量(0、90、135、180、225、270 kg/hm²)对油菜生长、产量、理论产油量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,所有氮肥水平下配施有机肥均显著提高油菜产量,且在低氮水平下增产效果更加明显,有机肥的增产效果主要通过增加单株角果数和每角果粒数来实现。在不施与施有机肥条件下,施氮量分别为213和199 kg/hm²时油菜籽产量最高,分别为1754和2514 kg/hm²,氮肥减少了6.6%、产量提高了43.3%;施用有机肥条件下达到不施有机肥的最高产量值仅需127 kg/hm²氮肥,减少了44.1%。所有供氮水平下,施用有机肥可显著增加氮素积累量、理论产油量和经济效益,包括有机肥氮的氮肥偏生产力也呈增加趋势,而包括有机肥氮的氮肥农学效率和氮肥表观利用率变化较小;与不施有机肥相比,施有机肥的最高理论产油量施氮量减少了3.0%,最高效益施氮量减少了20.0%,而理论产油量和效益分别增加了41.1%和50.0%。     

南方典型丘陵区耕地土壤全氮、有机碳和碳氮比空间变异特征及其影响因素

  【目的】  了解土壤全氮、有机碳和碳氮比空间变异及其影响因素是进行土壤碳氮调控的前提和基础。  【方法】  以江西省丰城市为案例区,通过实地采样获取2018年139个表层土壤数据,运用地统计学、普通克里格插值等方法对南方丘陵区县域尺度下耕地土壤全氮、有机碳和碳氮比的空间变异特征及其影响因素进行系统的分析。  【结果】  研究区土壤全氮 (TN) 含量介于0.74～3.80 g/kg、土壤有机碳 (SOC) 含量介于8.14～36.67 g/kg、土壤碳氮比 (C/N) 介于6.31 ～15.15,均值分别为2.24 g/kg、22.52 g/kg和10.15,变异系数分别为25.45%、26.24%、14.38%,均呈中等程度的空间变异。半方差分析结果显示,TN、SOC、C/N的块金效应分别为44.44%、56.97%、19.57%,这表明TN、SOC和C/N的空间分布受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响。普通克里格插值结果显示,在空间分布上,研究区土壤TN和SOC具有相似性,总体表现出由中部向南北递减的趋势;土壤C/N空间分布与TN和SOC有所不同,总体呈现出西高东低的趋势。逐步回归分析结果显示,成土母质、土壤类型、土壤pH、氮肥施用量和土壤质地对土壤全氮,成土母质、土壤类型、土壤pH对土壤有机碳,土壤类型对土壤碳氮比影响极显著 (P<0.01)。  【结论】  成土母质对土壤TN和SOC的独立解释能力最高,分别为28.1%和23.2%;土壤类型对研究区土壤C/N的独立解释能力达到了13.2%。因此,成土母质是引起研究区土壤全氮、有机碳空间变异的主要因素,土壤类型则是引起研究区土壤碳氮比空间变异的主要因素。     

中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产景观格局时空演变及驱动因素分析

为了研究中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产的景观格局,利用GIS,ENVI和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,分析了遗产地及缓冲区2001年、2010年、2016年3个关键时期的景观格局及其演变规律,揭示了中国丹霞赤水世界自然遗产不同发展阶段景观格局变化特征,进一步探讨了景观格局变化的影响因素。研究结果表明:（1）研究区自2001年以来,各类景观均处于动态变迁过程,林地景观为研究区的优势景观,一直占研究区整体面积的80%以上,16年间,林地、灌丛、建筑用地、裸地和水体的面积净增加,耕地面积净减少;（2）景观动态变化度在2001—2010年较大,林地景观面积比例增加了6.98%,耕地面积比例减少了8.4%,面积减少了近一半,有44%的耕地面积和64.35%灌丛面积转入林地景观,景观格局破碎化程度大幅下降;（3）2010—2016年景观动态变化度相对较小,林地面积比例下降了1.22%,耕地面积比例增加了1%,建筑面积持续增加;建设用地转出率最高,其次是裸地,景观类型的丰富度有所上升,景观格局破碎化程度稍有加深;（4）除了生态系统的自然演化外,退耕还林政策、城镇一体化建设、高速交通建设是研究区景观格局变化的主要驱动因素,旅游增长和开发对研究区的景观格局影响相对较小。     

钼对滇重楼生长、养分和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施钼水平,即0、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg,研究了施钼对滇重楼生长、养分元素含量和根茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施钼相比,施钼显著提高了滇重楼株高、光合速率、生物量和根茎产量,分别以0.4、0.2、0.4、0.2mg/kg处理最高。中低施钼水平（0.2、0.4mg/kg）下,叶和新根茎氮含量呈增加的趋势,高施钼水平（0.8mg/kg）可显著降低叶和新根茎氮含量;施钼降低了叶和新根茎中的磷含量,但增加了地上茎中的磷含量;施钼增加了叶中钾含量,但降低了茎中钾含量。各施钼处理叶、地上茎、新根茎中钼含量均显著高于不施钼处理;随施钼水平的增加,各部位钼含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。与不施钼相比,各施钼处理新根茎中总皂甙含量显著增加,以Mo 0.8 mg/kg处理最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积、钼和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mo 0.2～0.4 mg/kg较为适宜。     

共和盆地近50年水资源的气候变化特征

利用青海省共和盆地2个站点1961-2007年的平均气温及降水量资料,分析了共和盆地水资源的气候变化特征。结果表明:年平均气温整体呈上升趋势,平均以0.38℃/10 a速率上升,气温偏高主要是在冬季,夏季变化幅度不大,1987年气温发生了由低到高的突变。近47 a来共和盆地的年降水量呈微弱的增加趋势,变化倾向率为1.9 mm/10 a。对共和盆地而言,尽管降水和气温都呈增加趋势,但由于降水增长引起的地表水资源的增加不足以抵消气温升高带来的影响,因而将导致可利用降水资源的总体降低趋势。     

云南省施肥及土壤养分变化分析

为了掌握云南省农业生产中肥料施用量及施肥结构、土壤养分含量状况及其变化,对云南实施测土配方施肥项目的28个县16 000余农户的施肥情况进行调查,并采集土样分析化验,统计结果表明,云南化肥施用氮磷钾的比例由1989年的1∶0.34∶0.09提高到2008年的1∶0.33∶0.20,施肥比例有较大改善,但钾素总量仍不足;耕地土壤有机质含量较第二次土壤普查大幅下降,平均含量为28.14 g·kg-1,较第二次土壤普查下降49.93%;土壤磷含量明显增加,平均值达到22.7 mg·kg-1,比土壤普查增加61.0%.耕地土壤缺乏硼、钼、锌的比例较大,缺水溶态硼比例达78.26%,缺有效钼比例48.34%,缺有效锌比例28.84%.     

协助自然修复微量元素污染酸性土壤研究：8年田间试验

There are many remediation techniques for organic contaminated soils,but relatively few of them are applicable to trace elementcontaminated soils.A field experiment was carried out to investigate assisted natural remediation（ANR） of an acid soil contaminated by As,Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb using one inorganic amendment,sugar beet lime（SL）,and two organic amendments,biosolid compost（BC）and leonardeite（LE）.The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four treatments in three replicates:1) a non-amended control（NA）;2) SL amended at 30 Mg ha^-1 year^-1;3) BC amended at 30 Mg ha^-1 year^-1 and 4) LE amended at 20 Mg ha^-1 year^-1 plus SL amended at 10 Mg ha^-1 year^-1（LESL）.The amended plots received two doses of each amendment（DO2）:one in October 2002 and another in October 2003.The plots were then divided in half into two subpolts and one subplot received another two doses of the same amendments（DO4） in October 2005 and October 2006.In 2011,the pH values of the amended soils were greater than that of the NA soil,with the SL-amended soil showing the highest pH.Total organic carbon（TOC） was also greater in the amended soil,and greater with DO4 than with DO2.Amendments reduced the concentrations of 0.01 mol L^-1 CaCl₂-extractable Cd,Cu and Zn,especially in the SL-amended soil.Plant cover of colonizing vegetation was enhanced by amendments,but was independent of amendment doses.Changes in soil properties from 2003 to 2011 showed that the first amendment application of DO2 caused a high differentiation between all the amendment treatments and the NA treatment.After the second application of DO2,soil pH and TOC continued increasing slowly.Further two applications of amendments（DO4） caused differences only in the organic treatments.Plant cover increased over time in all the treatments including NA.It could be concluded that the slow and steady natural remediation of this soil could be enhanced by amendment application（ANR）.