响应面优化丁烷-亚临界法制取桐油技术的研究

桐油是一种重要用途的干性油脂,不同工艺会对油品质量产生重要影响。为了克服传统工艺在制油中的缺陷,本研究采用丁烷-亚临界法工艺进行桐油的制备,并基于Design-Expert软件进行响应面优化实验,获得最佳工艺参数:萃取温度40.64℃,萃取时间45.38 min,原料颗粒度39.71目,在此条件下桐油得油率达到66.12%。采用气质联用仪分析了桐油脂肪酸组成为α-桐酸74.93%,亚油酸8.62%,油酸7.12%,棕榈酸2.72%,硬脂酸3.85%,通过分析所得油样的5项指标,可知该工艺所得油品满足国标要求。     

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.     

鸡白痢鸡伤寒对种鸡生产性能的影响

鸡白痢鸡伤寒是一种经蛋垂直传播且具有严重危害性的传染病。为在种鸡群中进行血清学检查,检出并淘汰阳性鸡以确保无白痢的健康种鸡群,达到种群净化的目的,本研究应用全血平板凝集试验对江苏太仓广东温氏家禽有限公司某种鸡场的5133羽新兴黄鸡进行了检测。检测结果:鸡白痢鸡伤寒的抗体阳性检出率为2.7%。在相同的饲养环境下通过为时40 d试验,对阳性鸡群与阴性鸡群的产蛋率,受精率及孵化率进行比较观察,结果表明:鸡白痢鸡伤寒抗体呈阳性鸡群的上述生产性能在不同程度上低于抗体呈阴性鸡群。鸡白痢疾鸡伤寒阳性带菌鸡群的产蛋率、受精率、孵化率分别低于鸡白痢阴性鸡群为8.1%～21.8%、0.87%～1.6%、10.6%～11.4%。     

心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠的鉴定

研究心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠(ANP-/-小鼠)的生物学及病理学特性。ANP-/-小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠饲养于SPF级环境中,观察小鼠的繁育状况及其生物学特性,选取合适时间处死小鼠,通过HE染色观察脏器形态及组织结构。ANP-/-小鼠的繁殖周期比C57BL/6长,产仔率较低;ANP-/-小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脾脏较C57BL/6小鼠的有明显炎症反应,但是C57BL/6小鼠未见明显的病理改变。提示ANP基因的缺失可能与炎症发生有关。说明ANP-/-小鼠繁殖较慢、产仔率低,且正常繁殖的普通小鼠不会引起器官的病理学改变。但作为一种在心血管、代谢疾病上的动物模型,并与炎症甚至肿瘤有可能的未知联系的转基因动物,其很有研究和探索价值。     

稳定性肥料发展与展望

稳定性肥料的核心是脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂，是指在肥料的生产过程中添加脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂，或者同时添加两种抑制剂的肥料。其良好的农学效应和环境效益为实现农业节本增效提供重要途径。近年来稳定性肥料在基础科研和生产应用领域均发展较快，本文对国内外相关研究进行系统总结，并指出未来的发展方向。首先，回顾了抑制剂的研发、作用机理等方面的进展；其次，概述了稳定性肥料的品种、生产工艺、产能及推广应用情况；最后，对稳定性肥料应用后的作物产量和环境效应进行了阐述。为了促进稳定性肥料产业的健康持续发展，未来需要进一步加强环境友好型抑制剂品种的研发；重视抑制剂保护技术的研究，以解决抑制剂作用效果持久性和稳定性的问题；加强不同抑制剂配伍协同，抑制剂与增效剂复合作用机理与技术的研究；研究开发针对不同区域、不同作物的稳定性专用肥料。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过植物-土壤反馈试验,研究连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,轮作土壤微生物处理黄瓜植株鲜质量、叶绿素含量、土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性显著高于连作土壤微生物处理;连作及轮作土壤微生物处理增加了黄瓜幼苗干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素含量及总叶面积,显著提高了土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性。综上,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长均产生正反馈作用,并且轮作土壤微生物的正反馈作用大于连作土壤微生物。     

菜籽油裂解燃料离子液体催化酯化反应降酸工艺的研究

为了降低裂解燃料酸值,增加燃料的稳定性能,将吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐应用于菜籽油裂解燃料的酯化反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等对酸值的影响,并在最佳优化条件下考察了裂解燃料成品的理化性质。结果表明:吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐对催化酯化反应具有很高的催化活性。优化工艺条件为:催化剂用量1.2%、反应温度75℃、反应时间70 min,在此工艺条件下,酸值降低到1.0 mgKOH/g以下。     

左右岸省界缓冲区水质达标评价方法研究

左右岸省界缓冲区作为协调省际间用水关系的重要水域,其水质达标评价及污染责任划分是流域限制纳污红线制度实施的重要内容。从左右岸省界缓冲区的相关概念出发,根据省份的位置关系将其分为缓冲区完全在两省省界上、缓冲区部分在两省省界上以及缓冲区在多省交界上三种情形,并结合左右岸省界缓冲区特点确定调整浓度核算法、代表断面判断法、限制排污总量-污染物入河量评估法等水质达标评价方法,以判断左右岸省份缓冲区的水质达标情况,从而划分缓冲区左右岸省份的污染责任。实例验证模拟显示,确定的方法切实可行,研究方法可为流域污染责任划分提供技术支撑,从而促进限制纳污制度的顺利实施。     

园林植物病害产生的原因及防治措施

该文分析了园林植物病害产生的主要原因,提出了园林植物病害的防治策略及防治措施。各项防治措施均有其优缺点,必须因地制宜,综合运用各种防治措施,才能达到经济、生态和社会效益的统一。